{"id":7614,"date":"2023-07-25T10:36:51","date_gmt":"2023-07-25T08:36:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/?page_id=7614"},"modified":"2026-11-03T23:51:37","modified_gmt":"2026-11-03T22:51:37","slug":"dt-flash-codes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/dt-flash-codes\/","title":{"rendered":"DT Flash Codes"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"7614\" class=\"elementor elementor-7614\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64a28f3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"64a28f3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element- elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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<div class=\"wrap\">\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"top\">\r\n      <div>\r\n        <span class=\"kicker\">DEAD TEST \u00b7 FLASH CODES<\/span>\r\n        <h2 class=\"h2\">Quale RAM \u00e8 guasta?<\/h2>\r\n        <p class=\"sub\">La cartuccia <b>Dead Test<\/b> del Commodore 64 e 128, quando trova una RAM difettosa, fa lampeggiare lo schermo: il numero di lampeggi indica il chip. Scegli la scheda madre, indica quanti lampeggi vedi e ti mostriamo sulla mappa quale RAM controllare.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div>\r\n        <div class=\"tv\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class=\"scr\" id=\"rdtScr\"><span id=\"rdtScrTxt\">SCEGLI I LAMPEGGI<\/span><\/div><\/div>\r\n        <p class=\"tvcap\">Simulazione: lampeggi di \u00bd secondo, poi una pausa lunga e si ricomincia.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <section>\r\n      <div class=\"head\">\r\n        <h3 class=\"h3\"><span class=\"step\">1<\/span>Scegli la scheda madre<\/h3>\r\n        <p class=\"sub\">Non sai quale hai? Guarda le RAM: 8 chip piccoli in due file (4164) oppure solo 2 chip pi\u00f9 grandi (41464).<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"boards\" id=\"rdtBoards\" role=\"radiogroup\" aria-label=\"Scheda madre\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section>\r\n      <div class=\"head\">\r\n        <h3 class=\"h3\"><span class=\"step\">2<\/span>Quanti lampeggi conti?<\/h3>\r\n        <p class=\"sub\">Conta i lampeggi tra una pausa lunga (2-3 secondi) e la successiva.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"flashes\" id=\"rdtFlashes\" role=\"radiogroup\" aria-label=\"Numero di lampeggi\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section>\r\n      <div class=\"head\">\r\n        <h3 class=\"h3\"><span class=\"step\">3<\/span>Ecco la RAM da controllare<\/h3>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"res\">\r\n        <div class=\"mapwrap\">\r\n          <div class=\"maphead\"><span>Mappa: <b id=\"rdtMapName\"><\/b><\/span><span id=\"rdtMapHint\">Tocca un chip per vedere il suo codice<\/span><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"mapscroll\" id=\"rdtScroll\"><div class=\"map\" id=\"rdtMap\"><img id=\"rdtImg\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\"><\/div><\/div>\r\n          <p class=\"mapnote\" id=\"rdtMapNote\">Sul telefono la mappa scorre di lato. La posizione del chip \u00e8 scritta anche qui accanto.<\/p>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div>\r\n          <div class=\"out\" id=\"rdtOut\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"card\" style=\"margin-top:14px\">\r\n            <div class=\"facts\" id=\"rdtFacts\"><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"tip\" id=\"rdtTip\" hidden><\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section>\r\n      <div class=\"head\">\r\n        <span class=\"kicker\">TABELLA COMPLETA<\/span>\r\n        <h3 class=\"h3\" id=\"rdtTblTitle\">Lampeggi e RAM<\/h3>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"card tblwrap\"><table class=\"tbl\" id=\"rdtTbl\"><\/table><\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section>\r\n      <div class=\"head\">\r\n        <span class=\"kicker\">COME SI USA<\/span>\r\n        <h3 class=\"h3\">Dead Test in 3 passi<\/h3>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"cards\">\r\n        <div class=\"gcard\"><div class=\"ico\">\ud83d\udd0c<\/div><h4>1. Procurati la cartuccia<\/h4><p>La Dead Test originale (781220) oppure una cartuccia che la carica in modalit\u00e0 <b>Ultimax<\/b>: EasyFlash, Kung Fu Flash, Ultimate 1541 II \/ Ultimate 64. In modalit\u00e0 Ultimax il computer esclude le sue ROM e la RAM non serve per partire.<\/p><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"gcard\"><div class=\"ico\">\u23fb<\/div><h4>2. Inserisci e accendi<\/h4><p>Inserisci la cartuccia <b>a computer spento<\/b>, poi accendi e aspetta. Se una RAM \u00e8 guasta, dopo pochi istanti lo schermo inizia a lampeggiare.<\/p><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"gcard\"><div class=\"ico\">\ud83d\udc40<\/div><h4>3. Conta i lampeggi<\/h4><p>Lampeggi di circa \u00bd secondo, poi una pausa di 2-3 secondi e la serie riparte. Conta i lampeggi di una serie e inseriscili qui sopra.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section>\r\n      <div class=\"head\">\r\n        <span class=\"kicker\">E SE NON LAMPEGGIA?<\/span>\r\n        <h3 class=\"h3\">Cosa vuol dire quello che vedi<\/h3>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"cards\">\r\n        <div class=\"gcard fl2\"><div class=\"ico\">\u26a1<\/div><h4>Lampeggia<\/h4><p>La Dead Test ha trovato un errore sulla RAM: il numero di lampeggi indica quale bit (e quindi quale chip) non risponde bene.<\/p><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"gcard ok\"><div class=\"ico\">\u2705<\/div><h4>Dopo ~20 s compare la schermata dei test<\/h4><p>Le RAM sono buone. Se senza cartuccia il computer non parte, il problema \u00e8 probabilmente sulle <b>ROM<\/b> (Kernal, Basic, Char) o sui <b>CIA<\/b>.<\/p><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"gcard ko\"><div class=\"ico\">\u2b1b<\/div><h4>Nessun lampeggio e nessuna schermata<\/h4><p>Qualcosa blocca l'avvio prima del test: <b>PLA<\/b>, processore, VIC-II, SID, i chip che gestiscono la RAM o l'alimentazione. Qui serve pazienza e la diagnosi guidata.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"warn\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u26a0\ufe0f<\/span><div><b>La Dead Test aiuta, ma non \u00e8 infallibile.<\/b> A volte i lampeggi non corrispondono alla realt\u00e0: una RAM in corto pu\u00f2 bloccare il test gi\u00e0 al primo chip e dare un solo lampeggio anche se la RAM indicata \u00e8 buona. Sul bus dati ci sono molti altri componenti che possono disturbare lettura e scrittura delle memorie: prima di dissaldare, ragiona su quello che vedi e verifica (per esempio con una sonda logica o sovrapponendo un chip buono).<\/div><\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section>\r\n      <div class=\"head\">\r\n        <span class=\"kicker\">CONTINUA LA RIPARAZIONE<\/span>\r\n        <h3 class=\"h3\">Ripara il tuo computer con l'AI e con i video<\/h3>\r\n        <p class=\"sub\">La RAM non era il problema, o vuoi vedere come si sostituisce? Continua da qui.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"cards\">\r\n        <a class=\"gcard\" href=\"\/guasti-commodore-64\/\"><div class=\"ico\">\ud83e\ude7a<\/div><h4>Ripara il C64 con l'AI<\/h4><p>Diagnosi guidata passo passo: schermo nero, garbage, nessun suono, mappa dei chip e attrezzatura.<\/p><span class=\"go\">APRI LA GUIDA \u25b8<\/span><\/a>\r\n        <a class=\"gcard\" href=\"\/guasti-commodore-128\/\"><div class=\"ico\">\ud83d\udda5<\/div><h4>Ripara il C128 con l'AI<\/h4><p>La guida per C128, C128D e C128DCR: 80 colonne, Z80, modalit\u00e0 C64 e i guasti tipici.<\/p><span class=\"go\">APRI LA GUIDA \u25b8<\/span><\/a>\r\n        <a class=\"gcard\" href=\"\/guasti-commodore-vic-20\/\"><div class=\"ico\">\u2328<\/div><h4>Hai un VIC-20?<\/h4><p>Anche per il VIC-20 c'\u00e8 la diagnosi guidata con schermate, chip e attrezzatura.<\/p><span class=\"go\">APRI LA GUIDA \u25b8<\/span><\/a>\r\n        <a class=\"gcard\" href=\"\/videoteca\/?q=ram\"><div class=\"ico\">\ud83d\udcfc<\/div><h4>Video: riparazioni RAM<\/h4><p>Tutti i video di RetroFixer in cui si cercano e si sostituiscono RAM guaste.<\/p><span class=\"go\">GUARDA I VIDEO \u25b8<\/span><\/a>\r\n        <a class=\"gcard\" href=\"\/videoteca\/?q=dead%20test\"><div class=\"ico\">\ud83e\uddea<\/div><h4>Video: Dead Test all'opera<\/h4><p>Riparazioni in cui la Dead Test indica il guasto, dai lampeggi alla soluzione.<\/p><span class=\"go\">GUARDA I VIDEO \u25b8<\/span><\/a>\r\n        <a class=\"gcard\" href=\"\/videoteca\/\"><div class=\"ico\">\ud83d\udd0e<\/div><h4>Cerca nella Videoteca<\/h4><p>Cerca un guasto, un chip o un computer tra tutti i video del canale.<\/p><span class=\"go\">APRI LA VIDEOTECA \u25b8<\/span><\/a>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <a class=\"yt\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCEw0CQ8LKyA9jVvWXkEwp4Q?sub_confirmation=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u25b6 ISCRIVITI AL CANALE<\/a>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<script>if(!window.RF_EN){\r\n(function () {\r\n  var root = document.getElementById('rdt');\r\n  if (!root) return;\r\n  var IMG = 'https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/';\r\n\r\n  \/* chip: [nome, x%, y%, larghezza%, altezza%] sulle immagini originali 761x647 *\/\r\n  var BOARDS = [\r\n    { id: '641', name: 'C64 Rev A\/B', sub: 'Scheda 250407 \/ 250425 \u00b7 8 RAM 4164', img: 'c64_AB.png', type: '4164 (64K\u00d71 bit)', n: 8,\r\n      chips: [['U9', 20.2, 53.9], ['U10', 26.9, 53.9], ['U11', 33.9, 53.9], ['U12', 40.5, 53.9], ['U21', 20.2, 72.5], ['U22', 26.9, 72.5], ['U23', 33.9, 72.5], ['U24', 40.5, 72.5]],\r\n      size: [2, 10.7], map: { 1: ['U12'], 2: ['U24'], 3: ['U11'], 4: ['U23'], 5: ['U10'], 6: ['U22'], 7: ['U9'], 8: ['U21'] },\r\n      tip: 'Le 4164 si trovano ancora facilmente (anche come 4164 \/ MT4264 \/ HM4864). Monta uno zoccolo al posto del chip dissaldato: la prossima volta basta sfilarlo.' },\r\n    { id: '642', name: 'C64 Rev B-3', sub: 'Scheda 250466 \u00b7 2 RAM 41464', img: 'c64board_b3.png', type: '41464 (64K\u00d74 bit)', n: 2,\r\n      chips: [['U9', 26.7, 61.5], ['U10', 20.1, 61.5]], size: [2, 10.7],\r\n      map: { 1: ['U9'], 2: ['U9'], 3: ['U9'], 4: ['U9'], 5: ['U10'], 6: ['U10'], 7: ['U10'], 8: ['U10'] },\r\n      tip: 'Ogni 41464 contiene 4 bit: lampeggi da 1 a 4 indicano un chip, da 5 a 8 l\\'altro. Sostituto: 41464 \/ TMS4464 \/ MSM41464.' },\r\n    { id: '643', name: 'C64 Rev E', sub: 'Scheda 250469 (C64C) \u00b7 2 RAM 41464', img: 'c64board_E.png', type: '41464 (64K\u00d74 bit)', n: 2,\r\n      chips: [['U10', 41.4, 56.9], ['U11', 48.1, 56.9]], size: [2, 10.7],\r\n      map: { 1: ['U11'], 2: ['U11'], 3: ['U11'], 4: ['U11'], 5: ['U10'], 6: ['U10'], 7: ['U10'], 8: ['U10'] },\r\n      tip: 'Ogni 41464 contiene 4 bit: lampeggi da 1 a 4 indicano U11, da 5 a 8 U10. Sostituto: 41464 \/ TMS4464 \/ MSM41464.' },\r\n    { id: '128', name: 'C128', sub: 'Tutte le revisioni \u00b7 16 RAM 4164', img: 'c128board.png', type: '4164 (64K\u00d71 bit)', n: 16,\r\n      chips: [['U38', 8.1, 83.6], ['U39', 12.1, 83.6], ['U40', 15.9, 83.6], ['U41', 19.7, 83.6], ['U42', 23.5, 83.6], ['U43', 27.3, 83.6], ['U44', 31.1, 83.6], ['U45', 34.8, 83.6],\r\n              ['U46', 8.1, 73.1], ['U47', 12.1, 73.1], ['U48', 15.9, 73.1], ['U49', 19.7, 73.1], ['U50', 23.5, 73.1], ['U51', 27.3, 73.1], ['U52', 31.1, 73.1], ['U53', 34.8, 73.1]],\r\n      size: [2, 7.7], map: { 1: ['U45', 'U53'], 2: ['U44', 'U52'], 3: ['U43', 'U51'], 4: ['U42', 'U50'], 5: ['U41', 'U49'], 6: ['U40', 'U48'], 7: ['U39', 'U47'], 8: ['U38', 'U46'] },\r\n      tip: 'Il C128 ha due banchi da 64K: ogni lampeggio indica una coppia di chip (stesso bit, banco diverso). Controlla entrambi, partendo da quello che scalda di pi\u00f9 o con una sonda logica.' },\r\n    { id: '128d', name: 'C128DCR', sub: 'C128D in metallo \u00b7 4 RAM 41464', img: 'c128d_board.png', type: '41464 (64K\u00d74 bit)', n: 4,\r\n      chips: [['U38', 81.3, 33.2], ['U39', 81.3, 45.6], ['U40', 85.9, 33.2], ['U41', 85.9, 45.6]], size: [2, 7.7],\r\n      map: { 1: ['U39', 'U41'], 2: ['U39', 'U41'], 3: ['U39', 'U41'], 4: ['U39', 'U41'], 5: ['U38', 'U40'], 6: ['U38', 'U40'], 7: ['U38', 'U40'], 8: ['U38', 'U40'] },\r\n      tip: 'Ogni 41464 contiene 4 bit e ci sono due banchi: lampeggi da 1 a 4 indicano la coppia U39\/U41, da 5 a 8 la coppia U38\/U40.' }\r\n  ];\r\n\r\n  var $ = function (id) { return document.getElementById(id); };\r\n  var board = BOARDS[0], flash = 0, timer = null;\r\n  try { var p = new URLSearchParams(location.search); var pb = p.get('scheda'), pf = +p.get('lampeggi');\r\n    BOARDS.forEach(function (b) { if (b.id === pb) board = b; }); if (pf >= 1 && pf <= 8) flash = pf; } catch (e) { \/* ignora *\/ }\r\n\r\n  \/* bit indicato dai lampeggi: 1 lampeggio = D7 ... 8 lampeggi = D0 *\/\r\n  function bit(n) { return 'D' + (8 - n); }\r\n\r\n  \/* posizione del chip descritta a parole (utile sul telefono) *\/\r\n  function where(b, name) {\r\n    var c = b.chips.filter(function (x) { return x[0] === name; })[0];\r\n    var ys = b.chips.map(function (x) { return x[2]; }).filter(function (v, i, a) { return a.indexOf(v) === i; }).sort(function (a, z) { return a - z; });\r\n    var row = b.chips.filter(function (x) { return x[2] === c[2]; }).sort(function (a, z) { return a[1] - z[1]; });\r\n    var col = row.indexOf(c) + 1;\r\n    var zone = (c[2] < 40 ? 'in alto' : c[2] < 62 ? 'al centro' : 'in basso') + (c[1] < 33 ? ' a sinistra' : c[1] < 66 ? ' al centro' : ' a destra');\r\n    var rowTxt = ys.length > 1 ? (ys.indexOf(c[2]) === ys.length - 1 ? 'fila in basso' : 'fila in alto') + ', ' : '';\r\n    return rowTxt + col + '\u00b0 chip da sinistra del gruppo RAM (zona ' + zone.replace('al centro al centro', 'centrale') + ' della scheda, come nella mappa)';\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function renderBoards() {\r\n    $('rdtBoards').innerHTML = BOARDS.map(function (b) {\r\n      var w = b.type.indexOf('41464') === 0, n = Math.min(b.n, 8), r = '';\r\n      for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) r += '<i' + (w ? ' class=\"w\"' : '') + '><\/i>';\r\n      return '<button type=\"button\" class=\"bd' + (b === board ? ' on' : '') + '\" role=\"radio\" aria-checked=\"' + (b === board) + '\" data-b=\"' + b.id + '\"><b>' + b.name + '<\/b><small>' + b.sub + '<\/small><span class=\"rams\" aria-hidden=\"true\">' + r + '<\/span><\/button>';\r\n    }).join('');\r\n  }\r\n  function renderFlashes() {\r\n    var h = '';\r\n    for (var n = 1; n <= 8; n++) {\r\n      var d = ''; for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) d += '<i><\/i>';\r\n      h += '<button type=\"button\" class=\"fl' + (n === flash ? ' on' : '') + '\" role=\"radio\" aria-checked=\"' + (n === flash) + '\" data-f=\"' + n + '\"><b>' + n + '<\/b><span class=\"dots\" aria-hidden=\"true\">' + d + '<\/span><small>' + (n === 1 ? 'lampeggio' : 'lampeggi') + '<\/small><\/button>';\r\n    }\r\n    $('rdtFlashes').innerHTML = h;\r\n  }\r\n  function renderMap() {\r\n    var hot = flash ? board.map[flash] : [];\r\n    $('rdtImg').src = IMG + board.img;\r\n    $('rdtMapName').textContent = board.name;\r\n    var maxY = Math.max.apply(null, board.chips.map(function (c) { return c[2]; }));\r\n    var map = $('rdtMap');\r\n    map.classList.toggle('dense', board.chips.length > 8);\r\n    [].slice.call(map.querySelectorAll('.ram')).forEach(function (e) { e.remove(); });\r\n    board.chips.forEach(function (c) {\r\n      var e = document.createElement('button');\r\n      e.type = 'button';\r\n      e.className = 'ram' + (hot.indexOf(c[0]) >= 0 ? ' hot' : '') + (c[2] === maxY && board.chips.some(function (x) { return x[2] < c[2]; }) ? ' lo' : '');\r\n      e.style.cssText = 'left:' + c[1] + '%;top:' + c[2] + '%;width:' + board.size[0] + '%;height:' + board.size[1] + '%';\r\n      e.setAttribute('data-u', c[0]);\r\n      e.setAttribute('aria-label', 'RAM ' + c[0]);\r\n      e.innerHTML = '<span>' + c[0] + '<\/span>';\r\n      map.appendChild(e);\r\n    });\r\n    var first = map.querySelector('.ram.hot'), sc = $('rdtScroll');\r\n    if (first && sc.scrollWidth > sc.clientWidth) sc.scrollLeft = Math.max(0, first.offsetLeft - sc.clientWidth \/ 2);\r\n  }\r\n  function flashesFor(u) {\r\n    var out = []; for (var n = 1; n <= 8; n++) if (board.map[n].indexOf(u) >= 0) out.push(n); return out;\r\n  }\r\n  function renderOut(chipOnly) {\r\n    var o = $('rdtOut'), f = $('rdtFacts'), t = $('rdtTip');\r\n    if (chipOnly) {\r\n      var fl = flashesFor(chipOnly);\r\n      o.innerHTML = '<div class=\"l1\">CHIP SELEZIONATO<\/div><div class=\"big\"><em>' + chipOnly + '<\/em><\/div><div class=\"l2\">' + (fl.length === 1 ? 'LAMPEGGI: ' + fl[0] + ' (BIT ' + bit(fl[0]) + ')' : 'LAMPEGGI: ' + fl[0] + '-' + fl[fl.length - 1]) + ' <span class=\"cur\"><\/span><\/div>';\r\n      f.innerHTML = fact('Posizione', where(board, chipOnly)) + fact('Tipo', board.type);\r\n      t.hidden = true; return;\r\n    }\r\n    if (!flash) {\r\n      o.innerHTML = '<div class=\"empty\">READY.<br>SCEGLI QUANTI LAMPEGGI VEDI <span class=\"cur\"><\/span><\/div>';\r\n      f.innerHTML = fact('Scheda', board.name + ' \u2014 ' + board.sub) + fact('RAM', board.n + ' chip ' + board.type);\r\n      t.hidden = true; return;\r\n    }\r\n    var u = board.map[flash];\r\n    o.innerHTML = '<div class=\"l1\">' + flash + ' ' + (flash === 1 ? 'LAMPEGGIO' : 'LAMPEGGI') + ' \u00b7 ' + board.name.toUpperCase() + '<\/div><div class=\"big\">RAM <em>' + u.join(' \/ ') + '<\/em><\/div><div class=\"l2\">BIT DATI ' + bit(flash) + (u.length > 1 ? ' \u00b7 UNO DEI DUE CHIP' : '') + ' <span class=\"cur\"><\/span><\/div>';\r\n    f.innerHTML = u.map(function (x) { return fact(u.length > 1 ? 'Posizione ' + x : 'Posizione', where(board, x)); }).join('') + fact('Tipo', board.type) + fact('Bit', bit(flash) + ' del bus dati');\r\n    t.textContent = '\ud83d\udca1 ' + board.tip; t.hidden = false;\r\n  }\r\n  function fact(k, v) { return '<div class=\"fact\"><b>' + k + '<\/b><span>' + v + '<\/span><\/div>'; }\r\n  function renderTable() {\r\n    $('rdtTblTitle').textContent = 'Lampeggi e RAM \u00b7 ' + board.name;\r\n    var h = '<thead><tr><th>LAMPEGGI<\/th><th>BIT<\/th><th>RAM<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>';\r\n    for (var n = 1; n <= 8; n++) h += '<tr' + (n === flash ? ' class=\"hot\"' : '') + ' data-f=\"' + n + '\"><td>' + n + '<\/td><td>' + bit(n) + '<\/td><td class=\"u\">' + board.map[n].join(' \/ ') + '<\/td><\/tr>';\r\n    $('rdtTbl').innerHTML = h + '<\/tbody>';\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/* schermo che simula i lampeggi della Dead Test *\/\r\n  function simulate() {\r\n    clearTimeout(timer);\r\n    var scr = $('rdtScr'), txt = $('rdtScrTxt');\r\n    scr.classList.remove('on');\r\n    if (!flash) { txt.textContent = 'SCEGLI I LAMPEGGI'; return; }\r\n    var seq = [], i;\r\n    for (i = 0; i < flash; i++) { seq.push(['on', 450]); seq.push(['off', 450]); }\r\n    seq[seq.length - 1][1] = 2400;\r\n    i = 0;\r\n    (function tick() {\r\n      var s = seq[i % seq.length];\r\n      scr.classList.toggle('on', s[0] === 'on');\r\n      txt.textContent = s[0] === 'on' ? (Math.floor(i \/ 2) % flash + 1) + '' : (s[1] > 1000 ? 'PAUSA...' : (Math.floor(i \/ 2) % flash + 1) + '');\r\n      i++; timer = setTimeout(tick, s[1]);\r\n    })();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function writeUrl() {\r\n    try { var p = new URLSearchParams(location.search); p.set('scheda', board.id); if (flash) p.set('lampeggi', flash); else p.delete('lampeggi');\r\n      history.replaceState(null, '', location.pathname + '?' + p.toString() + location.hash); } catch (e) { \/* ignora *\/ }\r\n  }\r\n  function all(keepUrl) { renderBoards(); renderFlashes(); renderMap(); renderOut(); renderTable(); simulate(); if (!keepUrl) writeUrl(); }\r\n\r\n  root.addEventListener('click', function (ev) {\r\n    var b = ev.target.closest('.bd'), f = ev.target.closest('.fl, .tbl tr[data-f]'), r = ev.target.closest('.ram');\r\n    if (b) { BOARDS.forEach(function (x) { if (x.id === b.getAttribute('data-b')) board = x; }); all(); }\r\n    else if (f) { flash = +f.getAttribute('data-f'); all(); }\r\n    else if (r) {\r\n      [].slice.call(root.querySelectorAll('.ram')).forEach(function (e) { e.classList.toggle('hot', e === r); });\r\n      renderOut(r.getAttribute('data-u'));\r\n    }\r\n  });\r\n  all(true);\r\n})();\r\n\r\n}<\/script>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script type=\"text\/plain\" class=\"rf-en-src\" data-no-translation><link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\r\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\r\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Press+Start+2P&family=VT323&family=Inter:wght@400;500;600;700&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n.rdt{\r\n  --bg:#0f0c24; --bg2:#171338; --panel:#1d1846; --line:#342c74; --text:#eceaff; --muted:#aaa5d8;\r\n  --c64:#3e31a2; --c64l:#7c70da; --ink:#b3abff; --mag:#e0398a; --yel:#ffd23f; --grn:#5ad15f; --cya:#3fd8ff; --ora:#f8961e; --red:#f94144;\r\n  font-family:'Inter',system-ui,-apple-system,Segoe UI,Roboto,sans-serif; color:var(--text); background:var(--bg); 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<div class=\"wrap\">\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"top\">\r\n      <div>\r\n        <span class=\"kicker\">DEAD TEST \u00b7 FLASH CODES<\/span>\r\n        <h2 class=\"h2\">Which RAM is faulty?<\/h2>\r\n        <p class=\"sub\">When the Commodore 64 and 128 <b>Dead Test<\/b> cartridge finds a bad RAM, it flashes the screen: the number of flashes tells you the chip. Pick your motherboard, tell us how many flashes you see and we will show you on the map which RAM to check.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div>\r\n        <div class=\"tv\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class=\"scr\" id=\"rdtScr\"><span id=\"rdtScrTxt\">PICK THE FLASHES<\/span><\/div><\/div>\r\n        <p class=\"tvcap\">Simulation: \u00bd-second flashes, then a long pause and it starts again.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <section>\r\n      <div class=\"head\">\r\n        <h3 class=\"h3\"><span class=\"step\">1<\/span>Pick the motherboard<\/h3>\r\n        <p class=\"sub\">Not sure which one you have? Look at the RAMs: 8 small chips in two rows (4164) or just 2 bigger chips (41464).<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"boards\" id=\"rdtBoards\" role=\"radiogroup\" aria-label=\"Motherboard\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section>\r\n      <div class=\"head\">\r\n        <h3 class=\"h3\"><span class=\"step\">2<\/span>How many flashes do you count?<\/h3>\r\n        <p class=\"sub\">Count the flashes between one long pause (2-3 seconds) and the next.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"flashes\" id=\"rdtFlashes\" role=\"radiogroup\" aria-label=\"Number of flashes\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section>\r\n      <div class=\"head\">\r\n        <h3 class=\"h3\"><span class=\"step\">3<\/span>Here is the RAM to check<\/h3>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"res\">\r\n        <div class=\"mapwrap\">\r\n          <div class=\"maphead\"><span>Map: <b id=\"rdtMapName\"><\/b><\/span><span id=\"rdtMapHint\">Tap a chip to see its code<\/span><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"mapscroll\" id=\"rdtScroll\"><div class=\"map\" id=\"rdtMap\"><img id=\"rdtImg\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\"><\/div><\/div>\r\n          <p class=\"mapnote\" id=\"rdtMapNote\">On a phone the map scrolls sideways. The chip position is also written alongside.<\/p>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div>\r\n          <div class=\"out\" id=\"rdtOut\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"card\" style=\"margin-top:14px\">\r\n            <div class=\"facts\" id=\"rdtFacts\"><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"tip\" id=\"rdtTip\" hidden><\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section>\r\n      <div class=\"head\">\r\n        <span class=\"kicker\">FULL TABLE<\/span>\r\n        <h3 class=\"h3\" id=\"rdtTblTitle\">Flashes and RAM<\/h3>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"card tblwrap\"><table class=\"tbl\" id=\"rdtTbl\"><\/table><\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section>\r\n      <div class=\"head\">\r\n        <span class=\"kicker\">HOW TO USE IT<\/span>\r\n        <h3 class=\"h3\">Dead Test in 3 steps<\/h3>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"cards\">\r\n        <div class=\"gcard\"><div class=\"ico\">\ud83d\udd0c<\/div><h4>1. Get the cartridge<\/h4><p>The original Dead Test (781220) or a cartridge that loads it in <b>Ultimax<\/b> mode: EasyFlash, Kung Fu Flash, Ultimate 1541 II \/ Ultimate 64. In Ultimax mode the computer switches out its own ROMs and does not need RAM to start.<\/p><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"gcard\"><div class=\"ico\">\u23fb<\/div><h4>2. Plug in and power on<\/h4><p>Insert the cartridge <b>with the computer switched off<\/b>, then power on and wait. If a RAM is faulty, the screen starts flashing after a few moments.<\/p><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"gcard\"><div class=\"ico\">\ud83d\udc40<\/div><h4>3. Count the flashes<\/h4><p>Flashes of about \u00bd second, then a 2-3 second pause and the series starts again. Count the flashes in one series and enter them above.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section>\r\n      <div class=\"head\">\r\n        <span class=\"kicker\">AND IF IT DOES NOT FLASH?<\/span>\r\n        <h3 class=\"h3\">What the screen is telling you<\/h3>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"cards\">\r\n        <div class=\"gcard fl2\"><div class=\"ico\">\u26a1<\/div><h4>It flashes<\/h4><p>The Dead Test found a RAM error: the number of flashes tells you which bit (and so which chip) is not responding properly.<\/p><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"gcard ok\"><div class=\"ico\">\u2705<\/div><h4>After ~20 s the test screen appears<\/h4><p>The RAMs are good. If the computer does not start without the cartridge, the problem is probably in the <b>ROMs<\/b> (Kernal, Basic, Char) or the <b>CIAs<\/b>.<\/p><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"gcard ko\"><div class=\"ico\">\u2b1b<\/div><h4>No flashes and no screen<\/h4><p>Something stops the start-up before the test: <b>PLA<\/b>, CPU, VIC-II, SID, the chips that drive the RAM, or the power supply. This calls for patience and the guided diagnosis.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"warn\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u26a0\ufe0f<\/span><div><b>The Dead Test helps, but it is not infallible.<\/b> Sometimes the flashes do not match reality: a shorted RAM can stop the test at the very first chip and give a single flash even if the RAM it points to is good. Many other components sit on the data bus and can disturb memory reads and writes: before desoldering, think about what you see and verify it (for example with a logic probe or by piggybacking a good chip).<\/div><\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section>\r\n      <div class=\"head\">\r\n        <span class=\"kicker\">CARRY ON WITH THE REPAIR<\/span>\r\n        <h3 class=\"h3\">Fix your computer with AI and videos<\/h3>\r\n        <p class=\"sub\">The RAM was not the problem, or you want to see how to replace it? Carry on from here.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"cards\">\r\n        <a class=\"gcard\" href=\"\/en\/guasti-commodore-64\/\"><div class=\"ico\">\ud83e\ude7a<\/div><h4>Fix your C64 with AI<\/h4><p>Step-by-step guided diagnosis: black screen, garbage, no sound, chip map and tools.<\/p><span class=\"go\">OPEN THE GUIDE \u25b8<\/span><\/a>\r\n        <a class=\"gcard\" href=\"\/en\/guasti-commodore-128\/\"><div class=\"ico\">\ud83d\udda5<\/div><h4>Fix your C128 with AI<\/h4><p>The guide for C128, C128D and C128DCR: 80 columns, Z80, C64 mode and the typical faults.<\/p><span class=\"go\">OPEN THE GUIDE \u25b8<\/span><\/a>\r\n        <a class=\"gcard\" href=\"\/en\/guasti-commodore-vic-20\/\"><div class=\"ico\">\u2328<\/div><h4>Got a VIC-20?<\/h4><p>The VIC-20 has its guided diagnosis too, with screens, chips and tools.<\/p><span class=\"go\">OPEN THE GUIDE \u25b8<\/span><\/a>\r\n        <a class=\"gcard\" href=\"\/en\/videoteca\/?q=ram\"><div class=\"ico\">\ud83d\udcfc<\/div><h4>Videos: RAM repairs<\/h4><p>All the RetroFixer videos where faulty RAMs are tracked down and replaced.<\/p><span class=\"go\">WATCH THE VIDEOS \u25b8<\/span><\/a>\r\n        <a class=\"gcard\" href=\"\/en\/videoteca\/?q=dead%20test\"><div class=\"ico\">\ud83e\uddea<\/div><h4>Videos: Dead Test at work<\/h4><p>Repairs where the Dead Test points to the fault, from the flashes to the fix.<\/p><span class=\"go\">WATCH THE VIDEOS \u25b8<\/span><\/a>\r\n        <a class=\"gcard\" href=\"\/en\/videoteca\/\"><div class=\"ico\">\ud83d\udd0e<\/div><h4>Search the Video library<\/h4><p>Look for a fault, a chip or a computer across all the channel's videos.<\/p><span class=\"go\">OPEN THE VIDEO LIBRARY \u25b8<\/span><\/a>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <a class=\"yt\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCEw0CQ8LKyA9jVvWXkEwp4Q?sub_confirmation=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u25b6 SUBSCRIBE TO THE CHANNEL<\/a>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function () {\r\n  var root = document.getElementById('rdt');\r\n  if (!root) return;\r\n  var IMG = 'https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/';\r\n\r\n  \/* chip: [nome, x%, y%, larghezza%, altezza%] sulle immagini originali 761x647 *\/\r\n  var BOARDS = [\r\n    { id: '641', name: 'C64 Rev A\/B', sub: 'Board 250407 \/ 250425 \u00b7 8 \u00d7 4164 RAM', img: 'c64_AB.png', type: '4164 (64K\u00d71 bit)', n: 8,\r\n      chips: [['U9', 20.2, 53.9], ['U10', 26.9, 53.9], ['U11', 33.9, 53.9], ['U12', 40.5, 53.9], ['U21', 20.2, 72.5], ['U22', 26.9, 72.5], ['U23', 33.9, 72.5], ['U24', 40.5, 72.5]],\r\n      size: [2, 10.7], map: { 1: ['U12'], 2: ['U24'], 3: ['U11'], 4: ['U23'], 5: ['U10'], 6: ['U22'], 7: ['U9'], 8: ['U21'] },\r\n      tip: '4164s are still easy to find (also as 4164 \/ MT4264 \/ HM4864). Fit a socket in place of the desoldered chip: next time you just pull it out.' },\r\n    { id: '642', name: 'C64 Rev B-3', sub: 'Board 250466 \u00b7 2 \u00d7 41464 RAM', img: 'c64board_b3.png', type: '41464 (64K\u00d74 bit)', n: 2,\r\n      chips: [['U9', 26.7, 61.5], ['U10', 20.1, 61.5]], size: [2, 10.7],\r\n      map: { 1: ['U9'], 2: ['U9'], 3: ['U9'], 4: ['U9'], 5: ['U10'], 6: ['U10'], 7: ['U10'], 8: ['U10'] },\r\n      tip: 'Each 41464 holds 4 bits: 1 to 4 flashes point to one chip, 5 to 8 to the other. Replacement: 41464 \/ TMS4464 \/ MSM41464.' },\r\n    { id: '643', name: 'C64 Rev E', sub: 'Board 250469 (C64C) \u00b7 2 \u00d7 41464 RAM', img: 'c64board_E.png', type: '41464 (64K\u00d74 bit)', n: 2,\r\n      chips: [['U10', 41.4, 56.9], ['U11', 48.1, 56.9]], size: [2, 10.7],\r\n      map: { 1: ['U11'], 2: ['U11'], 3: ['U11'], 4: ['U11'], 5: ['U10'], 6: ['U10'], 7: ['U10'], 8: ['U10'] },\r\n      tip: 'Each 41464 holds 4 bits: 1 to 4 flashes point to U11, 5 to 8 to U10. Replacement: 41464 \/ TMS4464 \/ MSM41464.' },\r\n    { id: '128', name: 'C128', sub: 'All revisions \u00b7 16 \u00d7 4164 RAM', img: 'c128board.png', type: '4164 (64K\u00d71 bit)', n: 16,\r\n      chips: [['U38', 8.1, 83.6], ['U39', 12.1, 83.6], ['U40', 15.9, 83.6], ['U41', 19.7, 83.6], ['U42', 23.5, 83.6], ['U43', 27.3, 83.6], ['U44', 31.1, 83.6], ['U45', 34.8, 83.6],\r\n              ['U46', 8.1, 73.1], ['U47', 12.1, 73.1], ['U48', 15.9, 73.1], ['U49', 19.7, 73.1], ['U50', 23.5, 73.1], ['U51', 27.3, 73.1], ['U52', 31.1, 73.1], ['U53', 34.8, 73.1]],\r\n      size: [2, 7.7], map: { 1: ['U45', 'U53'], 2: ['U44', 'U52'], 3: ['U43', 'U51'], 4: ['U42', 'U50'], 5: ['U41', 'U49'], 6: ['U40', 'U48'], 7: ['U39', 'U47'], 8: ['U38', 'U46'] },\r\n      tip: 'The C128 has two 64K banks: each flash count points to a pair of chips (same bit, different bank). Check both, starting with the one running hotter, or use a logic probe.' },\r\n    { id: '128d', name: 'C128DCR', sub: 'Metal-case C128D \u00b7 4 \u00d7 41464 RAM', img: 'c128d_board.png', type: '41464 (64K\u00d74 bit)', n: 4,\r\n      chips: [['U38', 81.3, 33.2], ['U39', 81.3, 45.6], ['U40', 85.9, 33.2], ['U41', 85.9, 45.6]], size: [2, 7.7],\r\n      map: { 1: ['U39', 'U41'], 2: ['U39', 'U41'], 3: ['U39', 'U41'], 4: ['U39', 'U41'], 5: ['U38', 'U40'], 6: ['U38', 'U40'], 7: ['U38', 'U40'], 8: ['U38', 'U40'] },\r\n      tip: 'Each 41464 holds 4 bits and there are two banks: 1 to 4 flashes point to the U39\/U41 pair, 5 to 8 to the U38\/U40 pair.' }\r\n  ];\r\n\r\n  var $ = function (id) { return document.getElementById(id); };\r\n  var board = BOARDS[0], flash = 0, timer = null;\r\n  try { var p = new URLSearchParams(location.search); var pb = p.get('scheda'), pf = +p.get('lampeggi');\r\n    BOARDS.forEach(function (b) { if (b.id === pb) board = b; }); if (pf >= 1 && pf <= 8) flash = pf; } catch (e) { \/* ignora *\/ }\r\n\r\n  \/* bit indicato dai lampeggi: 1 lampeggio = D7 ... 8 lampeggi = D0 *\/\r\n  function bit(n) { return 'D' + (8 - n); }\r\n\r\n  \/* posizione del chip descritta a parole (utile sul telefono) *\/\r\n  function where(b, name) {\r\n    var c = b.chips.filter(function (x) { return x[0] === name; })[0];\r\n    var ys = b.chips.map(function (x) { return x[2]; }).filter(function (v, i, a) { return a.indexOf(v) === i; }).sort(function (a, z) { return a - z; });\r\n    var row = b.chips.filter(function (x) { return x[2] === c[2]; }).sort(function (a, z) { return a[1] - z[1]; });\r\n    var col = row.indexOf(c) + 1;\r\n    var zone = (c[2] < 40 ? 'top' : c[2] < 62 ? 'middle' : 'bottom') + (c[1] < 33 ? ' left' : c[1] < 66 ? ' centre' : ' right');\r\n    var rowTxt = ys.length > 1 ? (ys.indexOf(c[2]) === ys.length - 1 ? 'bottom row' : 'top row') + ', ' : '';\r\n    return rowTxt + col + (['st', 'nd', 'rd'][col - 1] || 'th') + ' chip from the left in the RAM group (' + zone.replace('middle centre', 'centre') + ' area of the board, as on the map)';\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function renderBoards() {\r\n    $('rdtBoards').innerHTML = BOARDS.map(function (b) {\r\n      var w = b.type.indexOf('41464') === 0, n = Math.min(b.n, 8), r = '';\r\n      for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) r += '<i' + (w ? ' class=\"w\"' : '') + '><\/i>';\r\n      return '<button type=\"button\" class=\"bd' + (b === board ? ' on' : '') + '\" role=\"radio\" aria-checked=\"' + (b === board) + '\" data-b=\"' + b.id + '\"><b>' + b.name + '<\/b><small>' + b.sub + '<\/small><span class=\"rams\" aria-hidden=\"true\">' + r + '<\/span><\/button>';\r\n    }).join('');\r\n  }\r\n  function renderFlashes() {\r\n    var h = '';\r\n    for (var n = 1; n <= 8; n++) {\r\n      var d = ''; for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) d += '<i><\/i>';\r\n      h += '<button type=\"button\" class=\"fl' + (n === flash ? ' on' : '') + '\" role=\"radio\" aria-checked=\"' + (n === flash) + '\" data-f=\"' + n + '\"><b>' + n + '<\/b><span class=\"dots\" aria-hidden=\"true\">' + d + '<\/span><small>' + (n === 1 ? 'flash' : 'flashes') + '<\/small><\/button>';\r\n    }\r\n    $('rdtFlashes').innerHTML = h;\r\n  }\r\n  function renderMap() {\r\n    var hot = flash ? board.map[flash] : [];\r\n    $('rdtImg').src = IMG + board.img;\r\n    $('rdtMapName').textContent = board.name;\r\n    var maxY = Math.max.apply(null, board.chips.map(function (c) { return c[2]; }));\r\n    var map = $('rdtMap');\r\n    map.classList.toggle('dense', board.chips.length > 8);\r\n    [].slice.call(map.querySelectorAll('.ram')).forEach(function (e) { e.remove(); });\r\n    board.chips.forEach(function (c) {\r\n      var e = document.createElement('button');\r\n      e.type = 'button';\r\n      e.className = 'ram' + (hot.indexOf(c[0]) >= 0 ? ' hot' : '') + (c[2] === maxY && board.chips.some(function (x) { return x[2] < c[2]; }) ? ' lo' : '');\r\n      e.style.cssText = 'left:' + c[1] + '%;top:' + c[2] + '%;width:' + board.size[0] + '%;height:' + board.size[1] + '%';\r\n      e.setAttribute('data-u', c[0]);\r\n      e.setAttribute('aria-label', 'RAM ' + c[0]);\r\n      e.innerHTML = '<span>' + c[0] + '<\/span>';\r\n      map.appendChild(e);\r\n    });\r\n    var first = map.querySelector('.ram.hot'), sc = $('rdtScroll');\r\n    if (first && sc.scrollWidth > sc.clientWidth) sc.scrollLeft = Math.max(0, first.offsetLeft - sc.clientWidth \/ 2);\r\n  }\r\n  function flashesFor(u) {\r\n    var out = []; for (var n = 1; n <= 8; n++) if (board.map[n].indexOf(u) >= 0) out.push(n); return out;\r\n  }\r\n  function renderOut(chipOnly) {\r\n    var o = $('rdtOut'), f = $('rdtFacts'), t = $('rdtTip');\r\n    if (chipOnly) {\r\n      var fl = flashesFor(chipOnly);\r\n      o.innerHTML = '<div class=\"l1\">SELECTED CHIP<\/div><div class=\"big\"><em>' + chipOnly + '<\/em><\/div><div class=\"l2\">' + (fl.length === 1 ? 'FLASHES: ' + fl[0] + ' (BIT ' + bit(fl[0]) + ')' : 'FLASHES: ' + fl[0] + '-' + fl[fl.length - 1]) + ' <span class=\"cur\"><\/span><\/div>';\r\n      f.innerHTML = fact('Position', where(board, chipOnly)) + fact('Type', board.type);\r\n      t.hidden = true; return;\r\n    }\r\n    if (!flash) {\r\n      o.innerHTML = '<div class=\"empty\">READY.<br>PICK HOW MANY FLASHES YOU SEE <span class=\"cur\"><\/span><\/div>';\r\n      f.innerHTML = fact('Board', board.name + ' \u2014 ' + board.sub) + fact('RAM', board.n + ' \u00d7 ' + board.type);\r\n      t.hidden = true; return;\r\n    }\r\n    var u = board.map[flash];\r\n    o.innerHTML = '<div class=\"l1\">' + flash + ' ' + (flash === 1 ? 'FLASH' : 'FLASHES') + ' \u00b7 ' + board.name.toUpperCase() + '<\/div><div class=\"big\">RAM <em>' + u.join(' \/ ') + '<\/em><\/div><div class=\"l2\">DATA BIT ' + bit(flash) + (u.length > 1 ? ' \u00b7 ONE OF THE TWO CHIPS' : '') + ' <span class=\"cur\"><\/span><\/div>';\r\n    f.innerHTML = u.map(function (x) { return fact(u.length > 1 ? 'Position ' + x : 'Position', where(board, x)); }).join('') + fact('Type', board.type) + fact('Bit', bit(flash) + ' of the data bus');\r\n    t.textContent = '\ud83d\udca1 ' + board.tip; t.hidden = false;\r\n  }\r\n  function fact(k, v) { return '<div class=\"fact\"><b>' + k + '<\/b><span>' + v + '<\/span><\/div>'; }\r\n  function renderTable() {\r\n    $('rdtTblTitle').textContent = 'Flashes and RAM \u00b7 ' + board.name;\r\n    var h = '<thead><tr><th>FLASHES<\/th><th>BIT<\/th><th>RAM<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>';\r\n    for (var n = 1; n <= 8; n++) h += '<tr' + (n === flash ? ' class=\"hot\"' : '') + ' data-f=\"' + n + '\"><td>' + n + '<\/td><td>' + bit(n) + '<\/td><td class=\"u\">' + board.map[n].join(' \/ ') + '<\/td><\/tr>';\r\n    $('rdtTbl').innerHTML = h + '<\/tbody>';\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/* schermo che simula i lampeggi della Dead Test *\/\r\n  function simulate() {\r\n    clearTimeout(timer);\r\n    var scr = $('rdtScr'), txt = $('rdtScrTxt');\r\n    scr.classList.remove('on');\r\n    if (!flash) { txt.textContent = 'PICK THE FLASHES'; return; }\r\n    var seq = [], i;\r\n    for (i = 0; i < flash; i++) { seq.push(['on', 450]); seq.push(['off', 450]); }\r\n    seq[seq.length - 1][1] = 2400;\r\n    i = 0;\r\n    (function tick() {\r\n      var s = seq[i % seq.length];\r\n      scr.classList.toggle('on', s[0] === 'on');\r\n      txt.textContent = s[0] === 'on' ? (Math.floor(i \/ 2) % flash + 1) + '' : (s[1] > 1000 ? 'PAUSE...' : (Math.floor(i \/ 2) % flash + 1) + '');\r\n      i++; timer = setTimeout(tick, s[1]);\r\n    })();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function writeUrl() {\r\n    try { var p = new URLSearchParams(location.search); p.set('scheda', board.id); if (flash) p.set('lampeggi', flash); else p.delete('lampeggi');\r\n      history.replaceState(null, '', location.pathname + '?' + p.toString() + location.hash); } catch (e) { \/* ignora *\/ }\r\n  }\r\n  function all(keepUrl) { renderBoards(); renderFlashes(); renderMap(); renderOut(); renderTable(); simulate(); if (!keepUrl) writeUrl(); }\r\n\r\n  root.addEventListener('click', function (ev) {\r\n    var b = ev.target.closest('.bd'), f = ev.target.closest('.fl, .tbl tr[data-f]'), r = ev.target.closest('.ram');\r\n    if (b) { BOARDS.forEach(function (x) { if (x.id === b.getAttribute('data-b')) board = x; }); all(); }\r\n    else if (f) { flash = +f.getAttribute('data-f'); all(); }\r\n    else if (r) {\r\n      [].slice.call(root.querySelectorAll('.ram')).forEach(function (e) { e.classList.toggle('hot', e === r); });\r\n      renderOut(r.getAttribute('data-u'));\r\n    }\r\n  });\r\n  all(true);\r\n})();\r\n<\\\/script><\/script>\r\n<script>(function(){if(!window.RF_EN)return;var s=document.currentScript,src=s.previousElementSibling,it=src.previousElementSibling;var box=document.createElement('div');box.setAttribute('data-no-translation','');box.innerHTML=src.textContent.replace(\/<\\\\(\\\/script|!--)\/gi,'<$1');it.parentNode.replaceChild(box,it);[].forEach.call(box.querySelectorAll('script'),function(o){var n=document.createElement('script');[].forEach.call(o.attributes,function(a){n.setAttribute(a.name,a.value)});n.textContent=o.textContent;o.parentNode.replaceChild(n,o)});})();<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0dba8ea e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0dba8ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c6e5e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2c6e5e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Altri articoli sui guasti<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fff462d elementor-grid-3 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"fff462d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;classic_columns&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;classic_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;classic_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;classic_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:35,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;classic_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;classic_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.classic\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-classic elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-2941 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-commodore category-computer tag-biscottone tag-black-screen tag-c64 tag-commodore-64 tag-deadtest tag-diagnostica tag-ram-guasta tag-schermo-nero\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/biscottone-black-screen-fix\/\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" src=\"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/c64_repair-300x169.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-2943\" alt=\"c64 repair - Biscottone \u201cblack screen fix\u201d\" srcset=\"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/c64_repair-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/c64_repair-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/c64_repair-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/c64_repair-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/c64_repair-16x9.jpg 16w, https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/c64_repair-260x146.jpg 260w, https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/c64_repair-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/c64_repair-133x75.jpg 133w, https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/c64_repair-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/c64_repair.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width:767px) 300px, 300px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/biscottone-black-screen-fix\/\">\n\t\t\t\tBiscottone &#8220;black screen fix&#8221;\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>Riparazione Commodore 64 con schermo nero. Questo sintomo pi\u00f2 essere causato da divesi componenti, vediamo di capire meglio quali e come andare avanti nel ripristino.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/biscottone-black-screen-fix\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Biscottone &#8220;black screen fix&#8221;\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n\t\t\tLeggi Tutto \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-1401 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-commodore category-computer tag-cartuccia-diagnostica tag-commodore tag-dead-test tag-diagnostic-card tag-test-commodore\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/schede-diagnostiche-commodore\/\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"206\" src=\"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/diag_cart-300x206.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1404\" alt=\"diag cart - Schede diagnostiche Commodore\" srcset=\"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/diag_cart-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/diag_cart-1024x705.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/diag_cart-768x529.jpg 768w, https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/diag_cart-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/diag_cart-212x146.jpg 212w, https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/diag_cart-50x34.jpg 50w, https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/diag_cart-109x75.jpg 109w, https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/diag_cart.jpg 1235w\" sizes=\"(max-width:767px) 300px, 300px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/schede-diagnostiche-commodore\/\">\n\t\t\t\tSchede diagnostiche Commodore\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>Queste cartucce servono per testare il funzionamento del computer in caso non si accenda o per verificare alcuni componenti interni.<br \/>\nVediamo come usarle.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/schede-diagnostiche-commodore\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Schede diagnostiche Commodore\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n\t\t\tLeggi Tutto \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-92 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-commodore tag-c64 tag-fix tag-repair tag-ricerca-guasti\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/ricerca-guasti-commodore-64\/\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"128\" src=\"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/c64-mainboard-300x128.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-109\" alt=\"c64 mainboard - Ricerca guasti Commodore 64\" srcset=\"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/c64-mainboard-300x128.png 300w, https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/c64-mainboard-260x111.png 260w, https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/c64-mainboard-50x21.png 50w, https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/c64-mainboard-150x64.png 150w, https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/c64-mainboard.png 584w\" sizes=\"(max-width:767px) 300px, 300px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/ricerca-guasti-commodore-64\/\">\n\t\t\t\tRicerca guasti Commodore 64\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>Questi appunti sono frutto di riparazioni effettuate, potrebbero non essere adatte a tutti i modelli, vanno prese come spunto per capire quali possano essere le cause<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/ricerca-guasti-commodore-64\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Ricerca guasti Commodore 64\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n\t\t\tLeggi Tutto \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DEAD TEST \u00b7 FLASH CODES Quale RAM \u00e8 guasta? La cartuccia Dead Test del Commodore 64 e 128, quando trova una RAM difettosa, fa lampeggiare lo<span class=\"excerpt-hellip\"> [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11380,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,19],"tags":[173,444,407,170,58,409,150,447,445,446,413,414,408,67,360],"class_list":["post-7614","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commodore","category-computer","tag-173","tag-444","tag-aiuto","tag-c128d","tag-commodore","tag-componenti","tag-deadtest","tag-flash-code","tag-flashcode","tag-lampeggi","tag-map","tag-mappa","tag-posizione","tag-ram","tag-sostituzione"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7614","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7614"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7614\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11221,"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7614\/revisions\/11221"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11380"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7614"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7614"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7614"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}