{"id":11323,"date":"2026-10-28T12:10:39","date_gmt":"2026-10-28T11:10:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/?p=11323"},"modified":"2026-10-28T12:10:39","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T11:10:39","slug":"commodore-64-oggi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/commodore-64-oggi\/","title":{"rendered":"Commodore 64 today: from the original C64 to the new Commodore 64 Ultimate"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"11323\" class=\"elementor elementor-11323\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c937d0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2c937d0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-557320b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"557320b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>window.RF_EN=\/^en\/i.test(document.documentElement.lang||'');if(window.RF_EN)document.documentElement.classList.add('rf-en');<\/script>\r\n<style>.rf-en .rf-it{display:none!important}<\/style>\r\n<div class=\"rf-it\" data-no-translation>\r\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\r\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\r\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Press+Start+2P&family=VT323&family=Inter:wght@400;500;600;700&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\r\n<style>\r\n.rcf{--bg:#0f0c24;--bg2:#171338;--panel:#1d1846;--line:#342c74;--text:#eceaff;--muted:#aaa5d8;--c64:#3e31a2;--c64l:#7c70da;\r\n  --yel:#ffd23f;--grn:#5ad15f;--cya:#3fd8ff;--ora:#f8961e;--red:#f94144;--mag:#e0398a;\r\n  font-family:'Inter',system-ui,-apple-system,Segoe UI,Roboto,sans-serif;color:var(--text);background:var(--bg);line-height:1.6;font-size:16px;position:relative;overflow:clip}\r\nbody:has(#rcf) #Content .column.one.single-photo-wrapper{display:none}\r\n.rcf *,.rcf *::before,.rcf *::after{box-sizing:border-box}\r\n.rcf h2,.rcf h3,.rcf p,.rcf ul,.rcf figure{margin:0;padding:0}\r\n.rcf a{color:var(--cya);text-decoration:none}\r\n.rcf a:hover{text-decoration:underline}\r\n.rcf button{font:inherit;color:inherit;cursor:pointer;margin:0!important;height:auto!important;min-height:0!important;text-transform:none!important;letter-spacing:0!important;box-shadow:none}\r\n.rcf .wrap{max-width:1100px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 20px}\r\n.rcf .stripe{height:6px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--red) 0 16.6%,var(--ora) 0 33.3%,var(--yel) 0 50%,var(--grn) 0 66.6%,var(--cya) 0 83.3%,var(--c64l) 0)}\r\n.rcf section{padding:54px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}\r\n.rcf .kicker{display:inline-block;font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace;font-size:10px;color:var(--yel);letter-spacing:.06em;margin-bottom:14px}\r\n.rcf .h1{font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace!important;font-weight:400;font-size:clamp(20px,3.6vw,34px);line-height:1.35;color:#fff;text-shadow:4px 4px 0 #000;margin-bottom:18px}\r\n.rcf .h1 em{font-style:normal;color:var(--yel)}\r\n.rcf h2.h2{font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace!important;font-weight:400;font-size:clamp(14px,2vw,19px);line-height:1.5;color:#fff;margin-bottom:18px;text-shadow:3px 3px 0 #000}\r\n.rcf h2.h2 span{color:var(--yel)}\r\n.rcf .lead{color:var(--muted);font-size:17px;max-width:720px}\r\n.rcf .lead b,.rcf p b{color:#fff}\r\n.rcf p+p{margin-top:12px}\r\n\r\n\/* hero *\/\r\n.rcf .hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1.05fr);gap:36px;align-items:center;padding:48px 0 56px}\r\n.rcf .scene{position:relative;border:4px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 0 0 4px #0b0920,0 16px 40px rgba(0,0,0,.55)}\r\n.rcf .scene canvas{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:192\/120;image-rendering:pixelated;image-rendering:crisp-edges;background:#1b1640}\r\n.rcf .scene .lbl{position:absolute;left:10px;bottom:8px;font-family:'VT323',monospace;font-size:18px;color:#fff;background:rgba(0,0,0,.55);padding:0 8px;border-radius:4px}\r\n.rcf .two{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:18px;margin-top:26px}\r\n.rcf .who{background:var(--panel);border:2px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:18px 20px}\r\n.rcf .who b{display:block;font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace;font-weight:400;font-size:10px;color:var(--yel);margin-bottom:8px;line-height:1.6}\r\n.rcf .who p{color:var(--muted);font-size:15px}\r\n\r\n\/* numeri *\/\r\n.rcf .stats{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:14px;margin:26px 0}\r\n.rcf .stat{background:var(--bg2);border:2px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:16px;text-align:center}\r\n.rcf .stat b{display:block;font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace;font-weight:400;font-size:clamp(13px,1.8vw,18px);color:var(--yel);margin-bottom:8px;line-height:1.4}\r\n.rcf .stat span{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--muted)}\r\n.rcf .why{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:16px}\r\n.rcf .why div{background:var(--panel);border-left:4px solid var(--c64l);border-radius:8px;padding:14px 16px;font-size:15px;color:var(--muted)}\r\n.rcf .why div b{color:#fff;display:block;margin-bottom:4px}\r\n.rcf .sid{margin-top:22px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px;align-items:center}\r\n.rcf .btn{display:inline-block;font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace!important;font-size:10px!important;line-height:1.5!important;padding:12px 16px!important;border-radius:8px!important;border:2px solid #000!important;background:var(--yel)!important;color:#000!important;box-shadow:4px 4px 0 #000!important}\r\n.rcf .btn:hover{transform:translate(-1px,-1px);text-decoration:none}\r\n.rcf .btn:active{transform:translate(2px,2px);box-shadow:2px 2px 0 #000!important}\r\n.rcf .sid canvas{width:220px;height:44px;image-rendering:pixelated;background:#000;border:2px solid var(--line);border-radius:6px}\r\n.rcf .note{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}\r\n\r\n\/* timeline *\/\r\n.rcf .tl{list-style:none;position:relative;margin-top:10px}\r\n.rcf .tl::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:9px;top:6px;bottom:6px;width:4px;background:repeating-linear-gradient(var(--c64l) 0 8px,transparent 8px 12px)}\r\n.rcf .tl li{position:relative;padding:0 0 18px 38px}\r\n.rcf .tl li::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:2px;top:4px;width:18px;height:18px;background:var(--yel);box-shadow:3px 3px 0 #000}\r\n.rcf .tl li b{font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace;font-weight:400;font-size:10px;color:var(--yel);display:block;margin-bottom:4px}\r\n.rcf .tl li span{color:var(--muted)}\r\n.rcf .split{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.1fr) minmax(0,.9fr);gap:30px;align-items:start}\r\n.rcf .quote{background:var(--panel);border:2px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:20px;font-family:'VT323',monospace;font-size:22px;line-height:1.3;color:#fff}\r\n.rcf .quote small{display:block;font-family:'Inter',sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:10px}\r\n\r\n\/* schede *\/\r\n.rcf .cards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:20px;margin-top:24px}\r\n.rcf .card{background:var(--panel);border:2px solid var(--line);border-radius:14px;padding:20px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}\r\n.rcf .card header{display:flex;gap:14px;align-items:center}\r\n.rcf .card .spr{width:60px;height:42px;image-rendering:pixelated;flex:none;background:#0b0920;border-radius:6px;border:2px solid var(--line)}\r\n.rcf .card h3{font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace!important;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5;color:#fff;margin:4px 0 2px}\r\n.rcf .card .yr{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}\r\n.rcf .tag{display:inline-block;font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace;font-size:7.5px;padding:4px 6px;border-radius:4px;color:#000;letter-spacing:.04em}\r\n.rcf .k-orig .tag{background:var(--ora)}.rcf .k-emu .tag{background:var(--cya)}.rcf .k-board .tag{background:var(--grn)}.rcf .k-fpga .tag{background:var(--mag);color:#fff}\r\n.rcf .card p{font-size:15px;color:var(--muted)}\r\n.rcf .ph img{width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:8px;display:block}\r\n.rcf .ph figcaption{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:4px}\r\n.rcf .pc{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:12px}\r\n.rcf .pc b{font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace;font-weight:400;font-size:8px;display:block;margin-bottom:6px}\r\n.rcf .pc .g{color:var(--grn)}.rcf .pc .r{color:var(--red)}\r\n.rcf .pc ul{list-style:none;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--text)}\r\n.rcf .pc li{padding-left:14px;position:relative;margin-bottom:5px}\r\n.rcf .pc li::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:0;top:7px;width:6px;height:6px;background:currentColor;opacity:.6}\r\n.rcf .peri{font-family:'VT323',monospace;font-size:19px!important;border-radius:6px;padding:2px 10px;align-self:flex-start}\r\n.rcf .peri.ok{background:rgba(90,209,95,.15);color:var(--grn)!important}.rcf .peri.no{background:rgba(249,65,68,.15);color:#ff8a8c!important}.rcf .peri.mid{background:rgba(255,210,63,.15);color:var(--yel)!important}\r\n.rcf .lk{margin-top:auto!important;font-size:14px!important}\r\n\r\n\/* tabella *\/\r\n.rcf .tw{overflow-x:auto;margin-top:20px;border:2px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px}\r\n.rcf table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:14.5px;min-width:640px;margin:0}\r\n.rcf th,.rcf td{padding:10px 12px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);text-align:left;vertical-align:top;background:transparent;color:var(--text)}\r\n.rcf thead th{font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace;font-weight:400;font-size:8.5px;color:var(--yel);background:var(--bg2)}\r\n.rcf tbody th{color:#fff;font-weight:600}\r\n.rcf td.ok{color:var(--grn)}.rcf td.no{color:#ff8a8c}.rcf td.mid{color:var(--yel)}\r\n\r\n\/* SID *\/\r\n.rcf .sidbox{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:16px;margin-top:20px}\r\n.rcf .sidbox div{background:var(--bg2);border:2px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:16px;font-size:15px;color:var(--muted)}\r\n.rcf .sidbox div b{display:block;color:#fff;margin-bottom:6px}\r\n\r\n\/* quiz *\/\r\n.rcf .quiz{background:var(--c64);border:6px solid var(--c64l);border-radius:12px;padding:22px;font-family:'VT323',monospace;color:#c9c3ff;margin-top:20px;min-height:230px}\r\n.rcf .quiz .qq{font-size:24px;color:#fff;margin-bottom:14px;line-height:1.25}\r\n.rcf .quiz .opts{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px}\r\n.rcf .quiz .opt{font-family:'VT323',monospace!important;font-size:21px!important;background:#2a1f80!important;border:2px solid var(--c64l)!important;color:#fff!important;padding:6px 14px!important;border-radius:6px!important}\r\n.rcf .quiz .opt:hover,.rcf .quiz .opt:focus-visible{background:var(--c64l)!important;color:#000!important}\r\n.rcf .quiz .res h3{font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace!important;font-weight:400;font-size:14px;color:var(--yel);margin-bottom:10px;line-height:1.5}\r\n.rcf .quiz .res p{font-size:21px;color:#fff;margin-bottom:14px;line-height:1.3}\r\n.rcf .quiz .res a{color:var(--yel)}\r\n.rcf .quiz .step{font-size:18px;color:#a59cf0;margin-bottom:6px}\r\n\r\n\/* link finali *\/\r\n.rcf .go{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:14px;margin-top:20px}\r\n.rcf .go a{display:block;background:var(--panel);border:2px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:16px;color:var(--text);transition:border-color .15s,transform .15s}\r\n.rcf .go a:hover{border-color:var(--yel);transform:translateY(-2px);text-decoration:none}\r\n.rcf .go b{display:block;font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace;font-weight:400;font-size:10px;color:var(--yel);margin-bottom:6px;line-height:1.5}\r\n.rcf .go span{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted)}\r\n.rcf .src{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:26px}\r\n.rcf .src a{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:underline}\r\n.rcf section.last{border-bottom:0}\r\n\r\n@media (max-width:900px){\r\n  .rcf .hero,.rcf .split{grid-template-columns:1fr}\r\n  .rcf .cards{grid-template-columns:1fr}\r\n  .rcf .stats{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}\r\n  .rcf .why,.rcf .sidbox,.rcf .go{grid-template-columns:1fr}\r\n}\r\n@media (max-width:560px){\r\n  .rcf .two,.rcf .pc{grid-template-columns:1fr}\r\n  .rcf section{padding:40px 0}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"rcf\" id=\"rcf\">\r\n<div class=\"stripe\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wrap hero\">\r\n  <div>\r\n    <span class=\"kicker\">COMMODORE 64 \u00b7 1982 \u2192 OGGI<\/span>\r\n    <h2 class=\"h1\">Il C64 <em>non \u00e8 mai<\/em> andato in pensione<\/h2>\r\n    <p class=\"lead\">Dal \"biscottone\" che stava sulla scrivania della cameretta al nuovo <b>Commodore 64 Ultimate<\/b> del 2025: tutte le strade per usare un Commodore 64 oggi, con pregi e difetti di ognuna.<\/p>\r\n    <div class=\"two\">\r\n      <div class=\"who\"><b>SE LO AVEVI IN CAMERETTA<\/b><p>Ritroverai il rumore del registratore, le copertine dei giochi e scoprirai come farlo rivivere oggi.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"who\"><b>SE NON LO HAI MAI VISTO<\/b><p>Scoprirai perch\u00e9 un computer con 64 KB di memoria ha cambiato il modo di giocare, fare musica e programmare.<\/p><\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n  <div class=\"scene\"><canvas id=\"rcfHero\" width=\"192\" height=\"120\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Una cameretta anni Ottanta con un Commodore 64 acceso\"><\/canvas><span class=\"lbl\">CAMERETTA, 1985<\/span><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<section><div class=\"wrap\">\r\n  <span class=\"kicker\">01 \u00b7 PERCH\u00c9 \u00c8 COS\u00cc FAMOSO<\/span>\r\n  <h2 class=\"h2\">Il computer <span>pi\u00f9 venduto<\/span> di sempre<\/h2>\r\n  <p class=\"lead\">Presentato a gennaio 1982 e messo in vendita ad agosto dello stesso anno, il Commodore 64 \u00e8 entrato nel Guinness dei primati come il modello di computer da scrivania pi\u00f9 venduto della storia. \u00c8 rimasto in produzione fino al 1994, quando Commodore \u00e8 fallita.<\/p>\r\n  <div class=\"stats\">\r\n    <div class=\"stat\"><b>12,5\u201317 MLN<\/b><span>esemplari venduti secondo le stime<\/span><\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"stat\"><b>~10.000<\/b><span>programmi e giochi commerciali<\/span><\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"stat\"><b>595 \u2192 149 $<\/b><span>il prezzo dal 1982 al 1985<\/span><\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"stat\"><b>64 KB<\/b><span>di RAM, tantissimi per l\u2019epoca<\/span><\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n  <div class=\"why\">\r\n    <div><b>Il suono del SID<\/b>Il chip sonoro progettato da Bob Yannes aveva 3 voci, 4 forme d\u2019onda e un filtro analogico: un piccolo sintetizzatore che ha fatto nascere la musica dei videogiochi come la ricordiamo.<\/div>\r\n    <div><b>La grafica del VIC-II<\/b>Il chip di Al Charpentier gestiva 16 colori, 320\u00d7200 punti e 8 sprite hardware: personaggi che si muovono fluidi sullo schermo senza pesare sul processore.<\/div>\r\n    <div><b>Il prezzo<\/b>Commodore produceva i chip in casa e pot\u00e9 abbassare il prezzo pi\u00f9 di tutti: la guerra dei prezzi del 1983 fece uscire Texas Instruments dal mercato e port\u00f2 il C64 in milioni di case.<\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n  <p class=\"lead\" style=\"margin-top:20px\">Per tanti ragazzi \u00e8 stato il primo computer: si accendeva, compariva <b>READY.<\/b> e si poteva scrivere un programma in BASIC. Da l\u00ec sono partiti programmatori, musicisti e grafici, e il C64 ha reso popolare la <b>demoscene<\/b>, che ancora oggi produce demo incredibili per questa macchina.<\/p>\r\n  <div class=\"sid\">\r\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"btn\" id=\"rcfSid\" aria-pressed=\"false\">\u25b6 ASCOLTA UN ASSAGGIO DI SID<\/button>\r\n    <canvas id=\"rcfScope\" width=\"110\" height=\"22\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas>\r\n    <span class=\"note\">Tre voci (basso, arpeggio, melodia) e un filtro, simulati nel browser: un\u2019idea di come suona un SID, non il chip vero.<\/span>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/section>\r\n\r\n<section><div class=\"wrap split\">\r\n  <div>\r\n    <span class=\"kicker\">02 \u00b7 COMMODORE \u00c8 TORNATA<\/span>\r\n    <h2 class=\"h2\">Il sogno di <span>Retro Recipes<\/span><\/h2>\r\n    <p class=\"lead\">Christian Simpson, conosciuto su YouTube come Peri Fractic del canale <b>Retro Recipes<\/b>, ha fatto quello che tanti appassionati sognavano: ha comprato Commodore. Con la nuova Commodore International Corporation ha acquisito la Commodore Corporation B.V. e i suoi 47 marchi originali (il marchio Amiga invece \u00e8 rimasto fuori). Nella squadra ci sono anche volti storici della Commodore come Bil Herd, Al Charpentier, Michael Tomczyk e David Pleasance.<\/p>\r\n    <ul class=\"tl\" style=\"margin-top:22px\">\r\n      <li><b>1994<\/b><span>Commodore fallisce e la produzione del C64 si ferma.<\/span><\/li>\r\n      <li><b>30 GIUGNO 2025<\/b><span>Christian Simpson annuncia l\u2019accordo per acquistare Commodore.<\/span><\/li>\r\n      <li><b>LUGLIO 2025<\/b><span>Viene presentato il Commodore 64 Ultimate, primo computer Commodore dopo oltre 30 anni.<\/span><\/li>\r\n      <li><b>2 AGOSTO 2025<\/b><span>L\u2019acquisizione \u00e8 completata.<\/span><\/li>\r\n      <li><b>FINE 2025 \u00b7 2026<\/b><span>Partono le prime consegne del C64 Ultimate; nel 2027 \u00e8 attesa la Commodore 77 a tema Cyberpunk 2077.<\/span><\/li>\r\n    <\/ul>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n  <div class=\"quote\">\"Come CEO la mia missione \u00e8 chiara: fare in modo che Commodore non cada mai pi\u00f9.\"<small>Christian Simpson (Peri Fractic), agosto 2025 \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@RetroRecipes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">canale Retro Recipes<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/commodore.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">commodore.net<\/a><\/small><\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/section>\r\n\r\n<section><div class=\"wrap\">\r\n  <span class=\"kicker\">03 \u00b7 TUTTE LE STRADE<\/span>\r\n  <h2 class=\"h2\">Come usare un <span>C64 oggi<\/span><\/h2>\r\n  <p class=\"lead\">Ci sono quattro grandi famiglie: la <b>macchina originale<\/b>, l\u2019<b>emulazione software<\/b> (un programma che finge di essere un C64), le <b>schede nuove con i chip veri<\/b> e l\u2019<b>FPGA<\/b>, un chip programmabile che ricostruisce i circuiti originali porta logica per porta logica. La differenza pi\u00f9 pratica? Se potete usare o no cassette, floppy, cartucce e joystick dell\u2019epoca.<\/p>\r\n  <div class=\"cards\">\r\n<article class=\"card k-orig\">\r\n  <header><canvas class=\"spr\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" data-spr=\"bread\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas>\r\n    <div><span class=\"tag\">ORIGINALE<\/span><h3>Il Commodore 64 originale<\/h3><span class=\"yr\">1982 \u00b7 64C 1986<\/span><\/div><\/header>\r\n  <figure class=\"ph\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c64fam-breadbin.jpg\" width=\"960\" height=\"543\" alt=\"Commodore 64 originale del 1982\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>Il C64 \"biscottone\" (foto: Evan-Amos, pubblico dominio)<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>Il \"biscottone\" del 1982 e il pi\u00f9 elegante 64C del 1986. Processore MOS 6510 a circa 1 MHz, 64 KB di RAM, chip grafico VIC-II e chip sonoro SID: tutto originale, con i suoi pregi e i suoi 40 anni sulle spalle.<\/p>\r\n  <div class=\"pc\"><div><b class=\"g\">PREGI<\/b><ul><li>\u00c8 la macchina vera: ogni gioco, demo e periferica funziona<\/li><li>Il suono del SID vero, con tutte le sue sfumature<\/li><li>Si ripara: i componenti si trovano ancora<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><b class=\"r\">DIFETTI<\/b><ul><li>Condensatori, chip e connettori hanno 40 anni<\/li><li>L'alimentatore originale invecchiando pu\u00f2 danneggiare il computer<\/li><li>Niente HDMI: serve un TV o un monitor adatto, o un adattatore<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\r\n  <p class=\"peri ok\">Periferiche originali: S\u00cc<\/p>\r\n  <p class=\"lk\"><a href=\"\/guasti-commodore-64\/\">Guasti del C64: diagnosi guidata<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"\/commodore64\/\">La scheda del C64<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"card k-emu\">\r\n  <header><canvas class=\"spr\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" data-spr=\"pc\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas>\r\n    <div><span class=\"tag\">EMULAZIONE SOFTWARE<\/span><h3>Emulatori software<\/h3><span class=\"yr\">VICE e altri<\/span><\/div><\/header>\r\n  <p>Programmi gratuiti come VICE ricreano il C64 sul computer di casa, sul telefono o perfino nel browser. \u00c8 il modo pi\u00f9 veloce per provare migliaia di giochi senza spendere nulla.<\/p>\r\n  <div class=\"pc\"><div><b class=\"g\">PREGI<\/b><ul><li>Gratis e sempre a portata di mano<\/li><li>Salvataggi istantanei, velocit\u00e0 regolabile, debug<\/li><li>Ottimo per programmare e sviluppare nuovi giochi<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><b class=\"r\">DIFETTI<\/b><ul><li>La tastiera del PC non \u00e8 quella del C64<\/li><li>Niente cassette, floppy o cartucce vere<\/li><li>Un po\u2019 di ritardo tra joystick e schermo, a seconda del sistema<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\r\n  <p class=\"peri no\">Periferiche originali: NO<\/p>\r\n  <p class=\"lk\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vice-emu.sourceforge.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VICE<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"card k-emu\">\r\n  <header><canvas class=\"spr\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" data-spr=\"mini\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas>\r\n    <div><span class=\"tag\">EMULAZIONE SOFTWARE<\/span><h3>TheC64 Mini, TheC64, TheVIC20<\/h3><span class=\"yr\">2018 \u2192 2025<\/span><\/div><\/header>\r\n  <figure class=\"ph\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c64fam-thec64mini.jpg\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" alt=\"TheC64 Mini appoggiato su un Commodore 64 originale\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>Il TheC64 Mini sopra un C64 vero (foto: JIP, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>Le riedizioni ufficiali su licenza di Retro Games: dentro c\u2019\u00e8 un piccolo computer moderno che emula il C64. Si collegano all\u2019HDMI, hanno giochi gi\u00e0 installati e caricano i vostri file da chiavetta USB. Nel 2025 \u00e8 arrivata anche la Mini Black Edition.<\/p>\r\n  <div class=\"pc\"><div><b class=\"g\">PREGI<\/b><ul><li>Pronti in un minuto: HDMI, joystick e via<\/li><li>Prezzo accessibile e giochi inclusi<\/li><li>Il TheC64 grande ha una tastiera vera<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><b class=\"r\">DIFETTI<\/b><ul><li>\u00c8 emulazione, non hardware C64<\/li><li>Niente porte originali: solo USB<\/li><li>Sul Mini la tastiera \u00e8 finta<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\r\n  <p class=\"peri no\">Periferiche originali: NO<\/p>\r\n  <p class=\"lk\"><a href=\"\/the-c64\/\">La nostra recensione del TheC64<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/retrogames.biz\/products\/thec64\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Retro Games<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"card k-board\">\r\n  <header><canvas class=\"spr\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" data-spr=\"pcb\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas>\r\n    <div><span class=\"tag\">SCHEDA + CHIP VERI<\/span><h3>C64 Reloaded MK2<\/h3><span class=\"yr\">Individual Computers<\/span><\/div><\/header>\r\n  <p>Una scheda madre nuova di zecca, progettata da Individual Computers, che si monta in un case originale. Non contiene chip del C64: ha gli zoccoli vuoti dove inserire processore, CIA, VIC-II e SID originali. Riconosce da sola i chip montati e regola tensioni e clock.<\/p>\r\n  <div class=\"pc\"><div><b class=\"g\">PREGI<\/b><ul><li>Chip originali = autenticit\u00e0 totale, anche nel suono<\/li><li>Scheda nuova e affidabile al posto di una di 40 anni<\/li><li>Seconda presa per un altro SID, facoltativa<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><b class=\"r\">DIFETTI<\/b><ul><li>I chip originali vanno trovati (e costano)<\/li><li>Serve un case e un po\u2019 di manualit\u00e0<\/li><li>I chip restano quelli di 40 anni fa<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\r\n  <p class=\"peri ok\">Periferiche originali: S\u00cc<\/p>\r\n  <p class=\"lk\"><a href=\"https:\/\/shop.icomp.de\/en\/shop\/product\/c64-reloaded-mk2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Individual Computers<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"card k-fpga\">\r\n  <header><canvas class=\"spr\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" data-spr=\"fpga\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas>\r\n    <div><span class=\"tag\">FPGA<\/span><h3>Ultimate 64 Elite II<\/h3><span class=\"yr\">Gideon's Logic<\/span><\/div><\/header>\r\n  <p>Una scheda madre completa in FPGA, da montare nel case del vostro C64 (anche quello con la scheda morta). Ha HDMI, rete, USB e tutte le porte originali, oltre alle funzioni della famosa cartuccia 1541 Ultimate per caricare giochi da USB. \u00c8 il cuore da cui nasce anche il nuovo C64 Ultimate.<\/p>\r\n  <div class=\"pc\"><div><b class=\"g\">PREGI<\/b><ul><li>Rid\u00e0 vita a un case originale con la scheda guasta<\/li><li>HDMI pulito e porte originali insieme<\/li><li>Dischi e cartucce virtuali da chiavetta USB<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><b class=\"r\">DIFETTI<\/b><ul><li>Non sono i chip originali, ma una loro ricostruzione<\/li><li>Spesso esaurita: si produce in piccoli lotti<\/li><li>Va montata in un case<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\r\n  <p class=\"peri ok\">Periferiche originali: S\u00cc<\/p>\r\n  <p class=\"lk\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ultimate64.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ultimate64.com<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"card k-fpga\">\r\n  <header><canvas class=\"spr\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" data-spr=\"new\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas>\r\n    <div><span class=\"tag\">FPGA<\/span><h3>Commodore 64 Ultimate<\/h3><span class=\"yr\">2025 \u00b7 Commodore<\/span><\/div><\/header>\r\n  <p>Il primo computer con il marchio Commodore dopo pi\u00f9 di 30 anni. \u00c8 un C64 completo, nuovo, con il cuore FPGA di Gideon Zweijtzer che ricostruisce 6510, VIC-II e SID circuito per circuito. Tastiera meccanica, HDMI, Wi-Fi, USB e tutte le porte originali per cassette, floppy, cartucce e joystick. Edizioni beige, Starlight trasparente con LED e Founders color ambra, pi\u00f9 la Commodore 77 a tema Cyberpunk 2077.<\/p>\r\n  <div class=\"pc\"><div><b class=\"g\">PREGI<\/b><ul><li>Nuovo, con garanzia, pronto all\u2019uso<\/li><li>Funziona con le periferiche originali<\/li><li>Due prese per montare SID veri<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><b class=\"r\">DIFETTI<\/b><ul><li>Costa pi\u00f9 di un Mini (prevendita da 299,99 dollari nel 2025)<\/li><li>FPGA: fedelissimo, ma non \u00e8 il chip originale<\/li><li>La user port richiede un adattatore<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\r\n  <p class=\"peri ok\">Periferiche originali: S\u00cc<\/p>\r\n  <p class=\"lk\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commodore.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">commodore.net<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"card k-fpga\">\r\n  <header><canvas class=\"spr\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" data-spr=\"chip\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas>\r\n    <div><span class=\"tag\">FPGA<\/span><h3>Altre strade FPGA: MiSTer e MEGA65<\/h3><span class=\"yr\">multi-sistema<\/span><\/div><\/header>\r\n  <figure class=\"ph\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c64fam-mega65.jpg\" width=\"960\" height=\"540\" alt=\"MEGA65\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>Il MEGA65 (foto: AnshulBirajdarPune, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>MiSTer \u00e8 una piattaforma FPGA che ricrea decine di computer e console, C64 compreso. MEGA65 ricostruisce in FPGA il Commodore 65, il successore mai uscito del C64, e ha anche una modalit\u00e0 C64 completa.<\/p>\r\n  <div class=\"pc\"><div><b class=\"g\">PREGI<\/b><ul><li>Una sola macchina per tanti sistemi<\/li><li>Progetti aperti e in continuo sviluppo<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><b class=\"r\">DIFETTI<\/b><ul><li>Il C64 \u00e8 uno dei tanti, non il protagonista<\/li><li>Le periferiche originali richiedono adattatori o non sono supportate tutte<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\r\n  <p class=\"peri mid\">Periferiche originali: IN PARTE<\/p>\r\n  <p class=\"lk\"><a href=\"\/mister-fpga\/\">MiSTer FPGA su RetroFixer<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/mega65.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MEGA65<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/article><\/div>\r\n  <div class=\"tw\"><table>\r\n    <thead><tr><th>MODELLO<\/th><th>COME FUNZIONA<\/th><th>PERIFERICHE ORIGINALI<\/th><th>HDMI<\/th><th>SID<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n    <tbody><tr><th>C64 originale<\/th><td>Hardware originale<\/td><td class=\"ok\">S\u00ec<\/td><td class=\"no\">No<\/td><td>Vero<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>VICE<\/th><td>Emulazione software<\/td><td class=\"no\">No<\/td><td class=\"ok\">S\u00ec (dal PC)<\/td><td>Simulato<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>TheC64<\/th><td>Emulazione software<\/td><td class=\"no\">No, solo USB<\/td><td class=\"ok\">S\u00ec<\/td><td>Simulato<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>C64 Reloaded MK2<\/th><td>Scheda nuova + chip veri<\/td><td class=\"ok\">S\u00ec<\/td><td class=\"no\">No<\/td><td>Vero<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Ultimate 64 Elite II<\/th><td>FPGA<\/td><td class=\"ok\">S\u00ec<\/td><td class=\"ok\">S\u00ec<\/td><td>FPGA<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>C64 Ultimate<\/th><td>FPGA, computer completo<\/td><td class=\"ok\">S\u00ec<\/td><td class=\"ok\">S\u00ec<\/td><td>FPGA o vero (prese)<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>MiSTer \/ MEGA65<\/th><td>FPGA<\/td><td class=\"mid\">In parte<\/td><td class=\"ok\">S\u00ec<\/td><td>FPGA<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\r\n  <\/table><\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/section>\r\n\r\n<section><div class=\"wrap\">\r\n  <span class=\"kicker\">04 \u00b7 IL NODO DEL SID<\/span>\r\n  <h2 class=\"h2\">Perfetto? <span>Quasi.<\/span><\/h2>\r\n  <p class=\"lead\">L\u2019FPGA \u00e8 la cosa pi\u00f9 vicina all\u2019originale che si possa costruire oggi, ma c\u2019\u00e8 un componente che resta difficile da copiare: il SID.<\/p>\r\n  <div class=\"sidbox\">\r\n    <div><b>Met\u00e0 digitale, met\u00e0 analogico<\/b>Oscillatori e inviluppi del SID sono digitali e in FPGA si possono riprodurre in modo identico. Il filtro invece \u00e8 analogico: va simulato con modelli matematici, che si avvicinano molto ma non sono il circuito vero.<\/div>\r\n    <div><b>Ogni 6581 \u00e8 diverso<\/b>Il primo SID, il 6581, ha un filtro che cambia da chip a chip; l\u20198580 del 64C suona pi\u00f9 pulito. Molti brani sono stati scritti sentendo un chip preciso, e alcuni sfruttano trucchi e difetti del SID: l\u00ec un\u2019emulazione pu\u00f2 suonare diversa.<\/div>\r\n    <div><b>La soluzione<\/b>Per i puristi ci sono le prese per SID veri su Ultimate 64 e C64 Ultimate, e i chip originali sulla Reloaded. Per un C64 originale con il SID guasto esistono sostituti moderni come ARMSID, FPGASID e SwinSID.<\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n  <p class=\"lead\" style=\"margin-top:20px\">Discorso simile per il video: l\u2019HDMI \u00e8 nitidissimo ma non \u00e8 il segnale di un vecchio televisore, e negli emulatori il ritardo tra joystick e schermo dipende da TV e sistema. Non sono difetti gravi: \u00e8 solo bene sapere cosa si sta comprando.<\/p>\r\n<\/div><\/section>\r\n\r\n<section><div class=\"wrap\">\r\n  <span class=\"kicker\">05 \u00b7 IL TEST<\/span>\r\n  <h2 class=\"h2\">Quale <span>fa per te?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n  <div class=\"quiz\" id=\"rcfQuiz\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/section>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"last\"><div class=\"wrap\">\r\n  <span class=\"kicker\">06 \u00b7 SU RETROFIXER<\/span>\r\n  <h2 class=\"h2\">Il tuo C64 <span>ha bisogno di aiuto?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n  <p class=\"lead\">Noi di RetroFixer crediamo che il modo migliore di festeggiare il C64 sia tenerlo acceso. Qui trovate gli strumenti per ripararlo e conoscerlo meglio.<\/p>\r\n  <div class=\"go\">\r\n    <a href=\"\/guasti-commodore-64\/\"><b>GUASTI C64<\/b><span>Diagnosi guidata dai sintomi<\/span><\/a>\r\n    <a href=\"\/commodore64\/\"><b>COMMODORE 64<\/b><span>Storia e caratteristiche<\/span><\/a>\r\n    <a href=\"\/eds-64\/\"><b>EDS 64<\/b><span>Il nostro strumento di diagnosi<\/span><\/a>\r\n    <a href=\"\/sprite-c64\/\"><b>SPRITE C64<\/b><span>Disegna gli sprite come negli anni 80<\/span><\/a>\r\n    <a href=\"\/the-c64\/\"><b>THEC64<\/b><span>La nostra recensione<\/span><\/a>\r\n    <a href=\"\/mister-fpga\/\"><b>MISTER FPGA<\/b><span>Tanti sistemi in un FPGA<\/span><\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n  <p class=\"src\">Fonti: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Commodore_64\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.timeextension.com\/news\/2025\/08\/as-ceo-my-mission-is-clear-ensure-commodore-never-falls-again\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Time Extension<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tomshardware.com\/video-games\/retro-gaming\/the-commodore-64-ultimate-computer-is-the-companys-first-hardware-release-in-over-30-years-pre-orders-start-at-usd299\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tom's Hardware<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/commodore.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">commodore.net<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/ultimate64.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ultimate64.com<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/shop.icomp.de\/en\/shop\/product\/c64-reloaded-mk2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Individual Computers<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/retrogames.biz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Retro Games<\/a>. Foto da Wikimedia Commons, con autore e licenza in didascalia.<\/p>\r\n<\/div><\/section>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<script>if(!window.RF_EN){\r\n(function(){\r\n  var root=document.getElementById('rcf'); if(!root||root.getAttribute('data-on'))return; root.setAttribute('data-on','1');\r\n  var still=window.matchMedia&&matchMedia('(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)').matches;\r\n  var Q={\"q1\": \"Hai gi\u00e0 un Commodore 64 o i suoi chip?\", \"a1\": [\"S\u00ec, e funziona\", \"S\u00ec, ma \u00e8 guasto\", \"Ho solo i chip originali\", \"No, niente\"], \"q2\": \"Vuoi usare cassette, floppy, cartucce e joystick originali?\", \"a2\": [\"S\u00ec, assolutamente\", \"Non mi interessa\"], \"q3\": \"Quanto vuoi spendere?\", \"a3\": [\"Il meno possibile\", \"Una cifra media\"], \"r\": {\"keep\": [\"Tieni il tuo C64!\", \"Niente batte la macchina vera. Fallo controllare (alimentatore e condensatori prima di tutto) e aggiungi una cartuccia moderna per caricare i giochi da scheda o chiavetta.\", \"\/guasti-commodore-64\/\", \"Guasti del C64\"], \"broken\": [\"Riparalo, oppure Ultimate 64\", \"Molti guasti si sistemano: prova la nostra diagnosi guidata. Se la scheda \u00e8 proprio persa, una Ultimate 64 Elite II rid\u00e0 vita al case originale con HDMI e porte vere.\", \"\/guasti-commodore-64\/\", \"Diagnosi guidata\"], \"chips\": [\"C64 Reloaded MK2\", \"Hai gi\u00e0 la parte pi\u00f9 preziosa: i chip. Una Reloaded MK2 te li fa usare su una scheda nuova e affidabile, con il suono del SID originale.\", \"https:\/\/shop.icomp.de\/en\/shop\/product\/c64-reloaded-mk2.html\", \"Individual Computers\"], \"ult\": [\"Commodore 64 Ultimate\", \"Vuoi un C64 nuovo che funzioni con le periferiche di una volta: il C64 Ultimate \u00e8 fatto apposta, e se un giorno vorrai il SID vero c\u2019\u00e8 la presa per montarlo.\", \"https:\/\/commodore.net\/\", \"commodore.net\"], \"cheap\": [\"Emulatore o TheC64 Mini\", \"Per giocare e ricordare spendendo poco: VICE \u00e8 gratis, il TheC64 Mini si collega alla TV in un minuto.\", \"\/the-c64\/\", \"La nostra recensione\"], \"maxi\": [\"TheC64 (grande)\", \"Tastiera vera, HDMI, giochi inclusi e niente cavi strani: perfetto per giocare e riprovare a programmare in BASIC.\", \"\/the-c64\/\", \"La nostra recensione\"]}, \"again\": \"RIFAI IL TEST\", \"go\": \"Scopri di pi\u00f9\"};\r\n  var LINES=[\"**** COMMODORE 64 BASIC V2 ****\", \"64K RAM SYSTEM  38911 BASIC BYTES FREE\", \"READY.\"];\r\n  var TXT={play:\"\u25b6 ASCOLTA UN ASSAGGIO DI SID\",stop:\"\u25a0 STOP\"};\r\n\r\n  \/* ---------- sprite delle schede ---------- *\/\r\n  var PAL={B:'#cfc6a8',b:'#9c927a',k:'#4a3a2a',K:'#2a2018',w:'#ffffff',r:'#f94144',o:'#f8961e',y:'#ffd23f',g:'#5ad15f',c:'#3fd8ff',v:'#7c70da',u:'#3e31a2',G:'#1f6b45',d:'#0d2a1c',s:'#c0c0c0',x:'#111111',m:'#e0398a',e:'#555555'};\r\n  var SPR={\r\n    bread:['....................','..BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB..','.BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.','.BkkkkkkkkkkkkBBkkB.','.BkKkKkKkKkKkkBBkkB.','.BkkkkkkkkkkkkBBkkB.','.BkKkKkKkKkKkkBBkkB.','.BkkkkkkkkkkkkBBkkB.','.BBBkkkkkkkkBBBBBBB.','BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB','bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb','....................','....................','....................'],\r\n    pc:['....................','..ssssssssssssssss..','..sxxxxxxxxxxxxxxs..','..sxvvvvvvvvvvvvxs..','..sxvuuuuuuuuuuvxs..','..sxvuwwwwwuuuuvxs..','..sxvuuuuuuuuuuvxs..','..sxvuwwwuuuuuuvxs..','..sxvvvvvvvvvvvvxs..','..sxxxxxxxxxxxxxxs..','..ssssssssssssssss..','.......ssssss.......','....ssssssssssss....','....................'],\r\n    mini:['....................','....................','....................','.....BBBBBBBBBB.....','....BBBBBBBBBBBB....','....BkKkKkKkBBkB....','....BKkKkKkKBBkB....','....BBkkkkkkBBBB....','...BBBBBBBBBBBBBB...','...bbbbbbbbbbbbbb...','..........xx........','..........xxxxx.....','.............xxx....','....................'],\r\n    pcb:['GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG','GdGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGdG','GGxxxxxxGGGGxxxxGGGG','GGxxxxxxGGGGxxxxGGGG','GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG','GGxxxxGGxxxxxxGGGGGG','GGxxxxGGxxxxxxGGyyGG','GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGyyGG','GGxxxxxxxxGGGxxxxGGG','GGxxxxxxxxGGGxxxxGGG','GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG','GsGsGsGsGsGsGsGsGsGG','GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG','dGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGd'],\r\n    fpga:['....s.s.s.s.s.s.....','...xxxxxxxxxxxxx....','..sxxxxxxxxxxxxxs...','...xxmmmmmmmmmxx....','..sxxmvvvvvvvmxxs...','...xxmvcvcvcvmxx....','..sxxmvvvvvvvmxxs...','...xxmvcvcvcvmxx....','..sxxmvvvvvvvmxxs...','...xxmmmmmmmmmxx....','..sxxxxxxxxxxxxxs...','...xxxxxxxxxxxxx....','....s.s.s.s.s.s.....','....................'],\r\n    new:['....................','..BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB..','.BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.','.BkkkkkkkkkkkkBBkkB.','.BkrkokykgkckvBBkkB.','.BkkkkkkkkkkkkBBkkB.','.BkvkckgkykokrBBkkB.','.BkkkkkkkkkkkkBBkkB.','.BBBkkkkkkkkBBBBBBB.','BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB','rroooyyyygggcccvvvmm','....................','....................','....................'],\r\n    chip:['....................','.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s....','xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx...','xeeeeeeeeeeeeeeex...','xemmmmmeggggggeex...','xemvvvmeggcccgeex...','xemmmmmeggggggeex...','xeeeeeeeeeeeeeeex...','xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx...','.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s....','....................','....................','....................','....................']\r\n  };\r\n  [].forEach.call(root.querySelectorAll('canvas.spr'),function(cv){\r\n    var d=SPR[cv.getAttribute('data-spr')];if(!d||!cv.getContext)return;var g=cv.getContext('2d');\r\n    for(var y=0;y<d.length;y++)for(var x=0;x<d[y].length;x++){var c=PAL[d[y][x]];if(c){g.fillStyle=c;g.fillRect(x,y,1,1);}}\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  \/* ---------- la cameretta ---------- *\/\r\n  var cv=document.getElementById('rcfHero');\r\n  if(cv&&cv.getContext){\r\n    var g=cv.getContext('2d'),W=192,H=120,t=0,timer=0,vis=true;\r\n    var R=function(x,y,w,h,c){g.fillStyle=c;g.fillRect(x|0,y|0,w|0,h|0);};\r\n    var rnd=function(s){var v=Math.sin(s*127.1)*43758.5453;return v-Math.floor(v);};\r\n    var BORDER=['#000000','#ffffff','#883932','#67b6bd','#8b3f96','#55a049','#40318d','#bfce72','#8b5429','#574200','#b86962','#505050','#787878','#94e089','#7869c4','#9f9f9f'];\r\n    function txt(x,y,n,c){for(var i=0;i<n;i++)R(x+i*2,y,1,2,c);}\r\n    function draw(){\r\n      R(0,0,W,H,'#1b1640');\r\n      for(var x=0;x<W;x+=12)R(x,0,1,84,'#201a4a');\r\n      \/* finestra *\/\r\n      R(10,10,44,34,'#5b4a2f');R(12,12,40,30,'#0b0a24');\r\n      for(var k=0;k<14;k++){if(((t\/7+k)|0)%11)R(13+rnd(k)*38,13+rnd(k+5)*27,1,1,'#cfcaff');}\r\n      R(42,15,6,6,'#f3eed2');R(45,15,3,4,'#0b0a24');R(31,12,2,30,'#5b4a2f');R(12,26,40,2,'#5b4a2f');\r\n      \/* poster *\/\r\n      R(150,10,32,40,'#2a2063');R(152,12,28,36,'#0f0c24');\r\n      var pc=['#f94144','#f8961e','#ffd23f','#5ad15f','#3fd8ff'];for(k=0;k<5;k++)R(156,30+k*2,20,1,pc[k]);\r\n      R(157,16,18,8,'#7c70da');R(159,18,14,4,'#0f0c24');R(156,42,20,1,'#aaa5d8');\r\n      \/* mensola con floppy *\/\r\n      R(112,36,30,2,'#6b4420');var fc=['#e0398a','#3fd8ff','#ffd23f','#5ad15f','#f8961e'];for(k=0;k<5;k++)R(114+k*5,26,4,10,fc[k]);\r\n      \/* pavimento e scrivania *\/\r\n      R(0,92,W,H-92,'#2b2156');for(x=0;x<W;x+=16)R(x,92,1,H-92,'#241b4a');\r\n      R(36,76,130,4,'#8a5a2b');R(36,80,130,2,'#6b4420');R(42,82,4,30,'#6b4420');R(156,82,4,30,'#6b4420');\r\n      \/* monitor *\/\r\n      R(70,34,60,40,'#cfc6a8');R(70,72,60,2,'#a89f86');R(92,74,16,2,'#a89f86');\r\n      var ph=Math.floor(t\/110)%3,lt=t%110,sx=74,sy=38,sw=52,sh=30;\r\n      if(ph===1){for(var yy=0;yy<sh;yy++)R(sx,sy+yy,sw,1,BORDER[(rnd(((t*3+yy)\/2)|0)*16)|0]);R(sx+5,sy+4,sw-10,sh-8,'#3e31a2');txt(sx+7,sy+6,9,'#7c70da');txt(sx+7,sy+10,13,'#7c70da');if((t>>2)&1)R(sx+7,sy+14,2,2,'#7c70da');}\r\n      else if(ph===2){R(sx,sy,sw,sh,'#000');for(k=0;k<16;k++)R(sx+((rnd(k)*sw+t*(0.5+rnd(k+3)))%sw),sy+rnd(k+9)*sh,1,1,'#fff');\r\n        for(k=0;k<5;k++){var ix=sx+6+k*9+Math.sin(t\/12)*3;R(ix,sy+4,5,3,k%2?'#5ad15f':'#3fd8ff');R(ix+1,sy+7,1,1,'#3fd8ff');R(ix+3,sy+7,1,1,'#3fd8ff');}\r\n        var px=sx+sw\/2+Math.sin(t\/9)*18;R(px-2,sy+sh-5,5,2,'#ffd23f');R(px,sy+sh-6,1,1,'#ffd23f');if(t%18<9)R(px,sy+sh-6-(t%18)*2,1,2,'#fff');}\r\n      else{R(sx,sy,sw,sh,'#7c70da');R(sx+3,sy+3,sw-6,sh-6,'#3e31a2');txt(sx+6,sy+5,20,'#7c70da');txt(sx+5,sy+9,21,'#7c70da');txt(sx+5,sy+14,6,'#7c70da');\r\n        var typed=Math.min(14,Math.max(0,((lt-20)\/4)|0));txt(sx+5,sy+18,typed,'#7c70da');if((t>>3)&1)R(sx+5+typed*2,sy+18,2,2,'#7c70da');}\r\n      \/* bagliore dello schermo *\/\r\n      g.globalAlpha=.10;R(60,30,80,52,ph===2?'#3fd8ff':'#7c70da');g.globalAlpha=1;\r\n      \/* C64 *\/\r\n      R(66,69,68,8,'#9c927a');R(68,67,64,3,'#b3a98f');R(72,70,48,5,'#4a3a2a');\r\n      for(k=0;k<12;k++){R(73+k*4,70,3,2,'#6b5a48');R(74+k*4,73,3,1,'#6b5a48');}\r\n      R(84,75,24,1,'#6b5a48');R(123,70,6,5,'#4a3a2a');R(130,68,1,1,'#f94144');\r\n      \/* joystick *\/\r\n      R(48,70,10,6,'#1a1a1a');R(52,64,2,7,'#111');R(51,62,4,3,'#222');R(49,70,2,1,'#f94144');\r\n      \/* ragazzo di spalle *\/\r\n      R(140,84,24,30,'#5a1f2a');R(142,64,20,22,'#2a6fb3');R(145,52,14,13,'#3a2414');R(146,51,12,3,'#2a1a0e');\r\n      R(138,70,6,12,'#2a6fb3');R(135,76,6,3,'#e8b48a');\r\n    }\r\n    function frame(){if(!vis||document.hidden){timer=0;return;}t++;draw();timer=setTimeout(frame,66);}\r\n    t=60;draw();\r\n    if(!still){\r\n      if('IntersectionObserver' in window)new IntersectionObserver(function(es){vis=es[0].isIntersecting;if(vis&&!timer)frame();}).observe(cv);\r\n      document.addEventListener('visibilitychange',function(){if(!document.hidden&&vis&&!timer)frame();});\r\n      frame();\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/* ---------- assaggio di SID (Web Audio) ---------- *\/\r\n  var btn=document.getElementById('rcfSid'),scope=document.getElementById('rcfScope'),ac=null,nodes=[],playing=false,stopT=0,an=null,raf=0;\r\n  function stopSid(){playing=false;clearTimeout(stopT);nodes.forEach(function(n){try{n.stop();}catch(e){}});nodes=[];btn.textContent=TXT.play;btn.setAttribute('aria-pressed','false');}\r\n  function f(n){return 440*Math.pow(2,(n-69)\/12);}\r\n  function pulse(c,duty){var n=64,re=new Float32Array(n),im=new Float32Array(n);for(var i=1;i<n;i++)im[i]=2\/(i*Math.PI)*Math.sin(i*Math.PI*duty);return c.createPeriodicWave(re,im);}\r\n  if(btn)btn.addEventListener('click',function(){\r\n    if(playing){stopSid();return;}\r\n    try{ac=ac||new (window.AudioContext||window.webkitAudioContext)();}catch(e){return;}\r\n    if(ac.state==='suspended')ac.resume();\r\n    playing=true;btn.textContent=TXT.stop;btn.setAttribute('aria-pressed','true');\r\n    var t0=ac.currentTime+0.05,st=60\/140\/2,master=ac.createGain();master.gain.value=0.16;\r\n    an=ac.createAnalyser();an.fftSize=256;master.connect(an);an.connect(ac.destination);\r\n    var flt=ac.createBiquadFilter();flt.type='lowpass';flt.Q.value=7;flt.connect(master);\r\n    var prog=[[45,[57,60,64]],[41,[57,60,65]],[48,[55,60,64]],[43,[55,59,62]]];\r\n    var mel=[76,null,74,72,74,null,76,79,77,null,76,74,72,null,74,76,74,null,72,71,72,null,74,76,79,null,77,76,74,null,null,null];\r\n    var pw=pulse(ac,.25),bars=4,end=t0+bars*8*st;\r\n    flt.frequency.setValueAtTime(300,t0);flt.frequency.linearRampToValueAtTime(2600,t0+bars*4*st);flt.frequency.linearRampToValueAtTime(400,end);\r\n    for(var b=0;b<bars;b++){var p=prog[b];\r\n      for(var s=0;s<8;s++){var o=ac.createOscillator(),gg=ac.createGain();o.type='sawtooth';o.frequency.value=f(p[0]+(s%2?12:0));\r\n        var ts=t0+(b*8+s)*st;gg.gain.setValueAtTime(0,ts);gg.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(.5,ts+.005);gg.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(.05,ts+st*.95);\r\n        o.connect(gg);gg.connect(flt);o.start(ts);o.stop(ts+st);nodes.push(o);}\r\n      var ao=ac.createOscillator(),ag=ac.createGain();ao.type='square';ag.gain.value=.12;ao.connect(ag);ag.connect(master);\r\n      var tb=t0+b*8*st;for(var a=0;a<8*st*50;a++)ao.frequency.setValueAtTime(f(p[1][a%3]+12),tb+a\/50);\r\n      ao.start(tb);ao.stop(tb+8*st);nodes.push(ao);}\r\n    for(var m=0;m<mel.length;m++){if(mel[m]===null)continue;var mo=ac.createOscillator(),mg=ac.createGain();mo.setPeriodicWave(pw);mo.frequency.value=f(mel[m]);\r\n      var tm=t0+m*st;mg.gain.setValueAtTime(0,tm);mg.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(.35,tm+.01);mg.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(.2,tm+st*.6);mg.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(0,tm+st*.98);\r\n      mo.connect(mg);mg.connect(master);mo.start(tm);mo.stop(tm+st);nodes.push(mo);}\r\n    stopT=setTimeout(stopSid,(end-ac.currentTime)*1000+200);\r\n    if(scope&&scope.getContext){var sg=scope.getContext('2d'),buf=new Uint8Array(an.fftSize);\r\n      (function tick(){sg.fillStyle='#000';sg.fillRect(0,0,110,22);if(!playing){return;}an.getByteTimeDomainData(buf);sg.fillStyle='#5ad15f';\r\n        for(var i=0;i<110;i++){var v=buf[(i*2)%buf.length];sg.fillRect(i,(v\/256*22)|0,1,1);}raf=requestAnimationFrame(tick);})();}\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  \/* ---------- quiz ---------- *\/\r\n  var box=document.getElementById('rcfQuiz'),ans={};\r\n  function esc(s){return String(s).replace(\/[&<>\"]\/g,function(c){return {'&':'&amp;','<':'&lt;','>':'&gt;','\"':'&quot;'}[c];});}\r\n  function ask(step,q,opts,next){\r\n    box.innerHTML='<div class=\"step\">? '+step+'\/3<\/div><div class=\"qq\">'+esc(q)+'<\/div><div class=\"opts\"><\/div>';\r\n    var o=box.querySelector('.opts');opts.forEach(function(t,i){var b=document.createElement('button');b.type='button';b.className='opt';b.textContent=t;b.addEventListener('click',function(){next(i);});o.appendChild(b);});\r\n  }\r\n  function show(k){\r\n    var r=Q.r[k],ext=!\/^\\\/\/.test(r[2]);\r\n    box.innerHTML='<div class=\"res\"><h3>&gt; '+esc(r[0])+'<\/h3><p>'+esc(r[1])+'<\/p><p><a href=\"'+esc(r[2])+'\"'+(ext?' target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"':'')+'>'+esc(Q.go)+': '+esc(r[3])+' \u25b6<\/a><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"opt\">'+esc(Q.again)+'<\/button><\/div>';\r\n    box.querySelector('button').addEventListener('click',start);\r\n  }\r\n  function start(){\r\n    ask(1,Q.q1,Q.a1,function(a){\r\n      if(a===0)return show('keep');if(a===1)return show('broken');if(a===2)return show('chips');\r\n      ask(2,Q.q2,Q.a2,function(b){\r\n        if(b===0)return show('ult');\r\n        ask(3,Q.q3,Q.a3,function(c){show(c===0?'cheap':'maxi');});\r\n      });\r\n    });\r\n  }\r\n  if(box)start();\r\n})();\r\n\r\n}<\/script>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script type=\"text\/plain\" class=\"rf-en-src\" data-no-translation><link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\r\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\r\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Press+Start+2P&family=VT323&family=Inter:wght@400;500;600;700&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\r\n<style>\r\n.rcf{--bg:#0f0c24;--bg2:#171338;--panel:#1d1846;--line:#342c74;--text:#eceaff;--muted:#aaa5d8;--c64:#3e31a2;--c64l:#7c70da;\r\n  --yel:#ffd23f;--grn:#5ad15f;--cya:#3fd8ff;--ora:#f8961e;--red:#f94144;--mag:#e0398a;\r\n  font-family:'Inter',system-ui,-apple-system,Segoe UI,Roboto,sans-serif;color:var(--text);background:var(--bg);line-height:1.6;font-size:16px;position:relative;overflow:clip}\r\nbody:has(#rcf) #Content .column.one.single-photo-wrapper{display:none}\r\n.rcf *,.rcf *::before,.rcf *::after{box-sizing:border-box}\r\n.rcf h2,.rcf h3,.rcf p,.rcf ul,.rcf figure{margin:0;padding:0}\r\n.rcf a{color:var(--cya);text-decoration:none}\r\n.rcf a:hover{text-decoration:underline}\r\n.rcf button{font:inherit;color:inherit;cursor:pointer;margin:0!important;height:auto!important;min-height:0!important;text-transform:none!important;letter-spacing:0!important;box-shadow:none}\r\n.rcf .wrap{max-width:1100px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 20px}\r\n.rcf .stripe{height:6px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--red) 0 16.6%,var(--ora) 0 33.3%,var(--yel) 0 50%,var(--grn) 0 66.6%,var(--cya) 0 83.3%,var(--c64l) 0)}\r\n.rcf section{padding:54px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}\r\n.rcf .kicker{display:inline-block;font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace;font-size:10px;color:var(--yel);letter-spacing:.06em;margin-bottom:14px}\r\n.rcf .h1{font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace!important;font-weight:400;font-size:clamp(20px,3.6vw,34px);line-height:1.35;color:#fff;text-shadow:4px 4px 0 #000;margin-bottom:18px}\r\n.rcf .h1 em{font-style:normal;color:var(--yel)}\r\n.rcf h2.h2{font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace!important;font-weight:400;font-size:clamp(14px,2vw,19px);line-height:1.5;color:#fff;margin-bottom:18px;text-shadow:3px 3px 0 #000}\r\n.rcf h2.h2 span{color:var(--yel)}\r\n.rcf .lead{color:var(--muted);font-size:17px;max-width:720px}\r\n.rcf .lead b,.rcf p b{color:#fff}\r\n.rcf p+p{margin-top:12px}\r\n\r\n\/* hero *\/\r\n.rcf .hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1.05fr);gap:36px;align-items:center;padding:48px 0 56px}\r\n.rcf .scene{position:relative;border:4px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 0 0 4px #0b0920,0 16px 40px rgba(0,0,0,.55)}\r\n.rcf .scene canvas{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:192\/120;image-rendering:pixelated;image-rendering:crisp-edges;background:#1b1640}\r\n.rcf .scene .lbl{position:absolute;left:10px;bottom:8px;font-family:'VT323',monospace;font-size:18px;color:#fff;background:rgba(0,0,0,.55);padding:0 8px;border-radius:4px}\r\n.rcf .two{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:18px;margin-top:26px}\r\n.rcf .who{background:var(--panel);border:2px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:18px 20px}\r\n.rcf .who b{display:block;font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace;font-weight:400;font-size:10px;color:var(--yel);margin-bottom:8px;line-height:1.6}\r\n.rcf .who p{color:var(--muted);font-size:15px}\r\n\r\n\/* numeri *\/\r\n.rcf .stats{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:14px;margin:26px 0}\r\n.rcf .stat{background:var(--bg2);border:2px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:16px;text-align:center}\r\n.rcf .stat b{display:block;font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace;font-weight:400;font-size:clamp(13px,1.8vw,18px);color:var(--yel);margin-bottom:8px;line-height:1.4}\r\n.rcf .stat span{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--muted)}\r\n.rcf .why{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:16px}\r\n.rcf .why div{background:var(--panel);border-left:4px solid var(--c64l);border-radius:8px;padding:14px 16px;font-size:15px;color:var(--muted)}\r\n.rcf .why div b{color:#fff;display:block;margin-bottom:4px}\r\n.rcf .sid{margin-top:22px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px;align-items:center}\r\n.rcf .btn{display:inline-block;font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace!important;font-size:10px!important;line-height:1.5!important;padding:12px 16px!important;border-radius:8px!important;border:2px solid #000!important;background:var(--yel)!important;color:#000!important;box-shadow:4px 4px 0 #000!important}\r\n.rcf .btn:hover{transform:translate(-1px,-1px);text-decoration:none}\r\n.rcf .btn:active{transform:translate(2px,2px);box-shadow:2px 2px 0 #000!important}\r\n.rcf .sid canvas{width:220px;height:44px;image-rendering:pixelated;background:#000;border:2px solid var(--line);border-radius:6px}\r\n.rcf .note{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}\r\n\r\n\/* timeline *\/\r\n.rcf .tl{list-style:none;position:relative;margin-top:10px}\r\n.rcf .tl::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:9px;top:6px;bottom:6px;width:4px;background:repeating-linear-gradient(var(--c64l) 0 8px,transparent 8px 12px)}\r\n.rcf .tl li{position:relative;padding:0 0 18px 38px}\r\n.rcf .tl li::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:2px;top:4px;width:18px;height:18px;background:var(--yel);box-shadow:3px 3px 0 #000}\r\n.rcf .tl li b{font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace;font-weight:400;font-size:10px;color:var(--yel);display:block;margin-bottom:4px}\r\n.rcf .tl li span{color:var(--muted)}\r\n.rcf .split{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.1fr) minmax(0,.9fr);gap:30px;align-items:start}\r\n.rcf .quote{background:var(--panel);border:2px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:20px;font-family:'VT323',monospace;font-size:22px;line-height:1.3;color:#fff}\r\n.rcf .quote small{display:block;font-family:'Inter',sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:10px}\r\n\r\n\/* schede *\/\r\n.rcf .cards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:20px;margin-top:24px}\r\n.rcf .card{background:var(--panel);border:2px solid var(--line);border-radius:14px;padding:20px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}\r\n.rcf .card header{display:flex;gap:14px;align-items:center}\r\n.rcf .card .spr{width:60px;height:42px;image-rendering:pixelated;flex:none;background:#0b0920;border-radius:6px;border:2px solid var(--line)}\r\n.rcf .card h3{font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace!important;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5;color:#fff;margin:4px 0 2px}\r\n.rcf .card .yr{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}\r\n.rcf .tag{display:inline-block;font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace;font-size:7.5px;padding:4px 6px;border-radius:4px;color:#000;letter-spacing:.04em}\r\n.rcf .k-orig .tag{background:var(--ora)}.rcf .k-emu .tag{background:var(--cya)}.rcf .k-board .tag{background:var(--grn)}.rcf .k-fpga .tag{background:var(--mag);color:#fff}\r\n.rcf .card p{font-size:15px;color:var(--muted)}\r\n.rcf .ph img{width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:8px;display:block}\r\n.rcf .ph figcaption{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:4px}\r\n.rcf .pc{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:12px}\r\n.rcf .pc b{font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace;font-weight:400;font-size:8px;display:block;margin-bottom:6px}\r\n.rcf .pc .g{color:var(--grn)}.rcf .pc .r{color:var(--red)}\r\n.rcf .pc ul{list-style:none;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--text)}\r\n.rcf .pc li{padding-left:14px;position:relative;margin-bottom:5px}\r\n.rcf .pc li::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:0;top:7px;width:6px;height:6px;background:currentColor;opacity:.6}\r\n.rcf .peri{font-family:'VT323',monospace;font-size:19px!important;border-radius:6px;padding:2px 10px;align-self:flex-start}\r\n.rcf .peri.ok{background:rgba(90,209,95,.15);color:var(--grn)!important}.rcf .peri.no{background:rgba(249,65,68,.15);color:#ff8a8c!important}.rcf .peri.mid{background:rgba(255,210,63,.15);color:var(--yel)!important}\r\n.rcf .lk{margin-top:auto!important;font-size:14px!important}\r\n\r\n\/* tabella *\/\r\n.rcf .tw{overflow-x:auto;margin-top:20px;border:2px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px}\r\n.rcf table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:14.5px;min-width:640px;margin:0}\r\n.rcf th,.rcf td{padding:10px 12px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);text-align:left;vertical-align:top;background:transparent;color:var(--text)}\r\n.rcf thead th{font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace;font-weight:400;font-size:8.5px;color:var(--yel);background:var(--bg2)}\r\n.rcf tbody th{color:#fff;font-weight:600}\r\n.rcf td.ok{color:var(--grn)}.rcf td.no{color:#ff8a8c}.rcf td.mid{color:var(--yel)}\r\n\r\n\/* SID *\/\r\n.rcf .sidbox{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:16px;margin-top:20px}\r\n.rcf .sidbox div{background:var(--bg2);border:2px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:16px;font-size:15px;color:var(--muted)}\r\n.rcf .sidbox div b{display:block;color:#fff;margin-bottom:6px}\r\n\r\n\/* quiz *\/\r\n.rcf .quiz{background:var(--c64);border:6px solid var(--c64l);border-radius:12px;padding:22px;font-family:'VT323',monospace;color:#c9c3ff;margin-top:20px;min-height:230px}\r\n.rcf .quiz .qq{font-size:24px;color:#fff;margin-bottom:14px;line-height:1.25}\r\n.rcf .quiz .opts{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px}\r\n.rcf .quiz .opt{font-family:'VT323',monospace!important;font-size:21px!important;background:#2a1f80!important;border:2px solid var(--c64l)!important;color:#fff!important;padding:6px 14px!important;border-radius:6px!important}\r\n.rcf .quiz .opt:hover,.rcf .quiz .opt:focus-visible{background:var(--c64l)!important;color:#000!important}\r\n.rcf .quiz .res h3{font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace!important;font-weight:400;font-size:14px;color:var(--yel);margin-bottom:10px;line-height:1.5}\r\n.rcf .quiz .res p{font-size:21px;color:#fff;margin-bottom:14px;line-height:1.3}\r\n.rcf .quiz .res a{color:var(--yel)}\r\n.rcf .quiz .step{font-size:18px;color:#a59cf0;margin-bottom:6px}\r\n\r\n\/* link finali *\/\r\n.rcf .go{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:14px;margin-top:20px}\r\n.rcf .go a{display:block;background:var(--panel);border:2px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:16px;color:var(--text);transition:border-color .15s,transform .15s}\r\n.rcf .go a:hover{border-color:var(--yel);transform:translateY(-2px);text-decoration:none}\r\n.rcf .go b{display:block;font-family:'Press Start 2P',monospace;font-weight:400;font-size:10px;color:var(--yel);margin-bottom:6px;line-height:1.5}\r\n.rcf .go span{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted)}\r\n.rcf .src{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:26px}\r\n.rcf .src a{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:underline}\r\n.rcf section.last{border-bottom:0}\r\n\r\n@media (max-width:900px){\r\n  .rcf .hero,.rcf .split{grid-template-columns:1fr}\r\n  .rcf .cards{grid-template-columns:1fr}\r\n  .rcf .stats{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}\r\n  .rcf .why,.rcf .sidbox,.rcf .go{grid-template-columns:1fr}\r\n}\r\n@media (max-width:560px){\r\n  .rcf .two,.rcf .pc{grid-template-columns:1fr}\r\n  .rcf section{padding:40px 0}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"rcf\" id=\"rcf\">\r\n<div class=\"stripe\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wrap hero\">\r\n  <div>\r\n    <span class=\"kicker\">COMMODORE 64 \u00b7 1982 \u2192 TODAY<\/span>\r\n    <h2 class=\"h1\">The C64 <em>never<\/em> retired<\/h2>\r\n    <p class=\"lead\">From the \"breadbin\" on the bedroom desk to the new 2025 <b>Commodore 64 Ultimate<\/b>: every way to use a Commodore 64 today, with the strengths and weaknesses of each.<\/p>\r\n    <div class=\"two\">\r\n      <div class=\"who\"><b>IF YOU HAD ONE IN YOUR BEDROOM<\/b><p>You will find the sound of the tape deck and the game covers again, and discover how to bring it back to life today.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"who\"><b>IF YOU HAVE NEVER SEEN ONE<\/b><p>You will discover why a computer with 64 KB of memory changed the way people played, made music and coded.<\/p><\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n  <div class=\"scene\"><canvas id=\"rcfHero\" width=\"192\" height=\"120\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"A 1980s bedroom with a Commodore 64 switched on\"><\/canvas><span class=\"lbl\">BEDROOM, 1985<\/span><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<section><div class=\"wrap\">\r\n  <span class=\"kicker\">01 \u00b7 WHY IT IS SO FAMOUS<\/span>\r\n  <h2 class=\"h2\">The <span>best-selling<\/span> computer ever<\/h2>\r\n  <p class=\"lead\">Shown in January 1982 and put on sale in August that year, the Commodore 64 is in the Guinness World Records as the best-selling desktop computer model in history. It stayed in production until 1994, when Commodore went bankrupt.<\/p>\r\n  <div class=\"stats\">\r\n    <div class=\"stat\"><b>12,5\u201317 MLN<\/b><span>units sold according to estimates<\/span><\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"stat\"><b>~10.000<\/b><span>commercial programs and games<\/span><\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"stat\"><b>595 \u2192 149 $<\/b><span>the price from 1982 to 1985<\/span><\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"stat\"><b>64 KB<\/b><span>of RAM, a huge amount at the time<\/span><\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n  <div class=\"why\">\r\n    <div><b>The SID sound<\/b>The sound chip designed by Bob Yannes had 3 voices, 4 waveforms and an analogue filter: a little synthesiser that gave birth to video game music as we remember it.<\/div>\r\n    <div><b>The VIC-II graphics<\/b>Al Charpentier\u2019s chip handled 16 colours, 320\u00d7200 pixels and 8 hardware sprites: characters gliding smoothly across the screen without loading the CPU.<\/div>\r\n    <div><b>The price<\/b>Commodore made its own chips and could cut the price more than anyone: the 1983 price war pushed Texas Instruments out of the market and put the C64 in millions of homes.<\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n  <p class=\"lead\" style=\"margin-top:20px\">For lots of kids it was their first computer: you switched it on, <b>READY.<\/b> appeared and you could write a BASIC program. Programmers, musicians and artists started from there, and the C64 popularised the <b>demoscene<\/b>, which still produces incredible demos for this machine today.<\/p>\r\n  <div class=\"sid\">\r\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"btn\" id=\"rcfSid\" aria-pressed=\"false\">\u25b6 HEAR A TASTE OF SID<\/button>\r\n    <canvas id=\"rcfScope\" width=\"110\" height=\"22\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas>\r\n    <span class=\"note\">Three voices (bass, arpeggio, melody) and a filter, simulated in the browser: an idea of how a SID sounds, not the real chip.<\/span>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/section>\r\n\r\n<section><div class=\"wrap split\">\r\n  <div>\r\n    <span class=\"kicker\">02 \u00b7 COMMODORE IS BACK<\/span>\r\n    <h2 class=\"h2\">The <span>Retro Recipes<\/span> dream<\/h2>\r\n    <p class=\"lead\">Christian Simpson, known on YouTube as Peri Fractic of the <b>Retro Recipes<\/b> channel, did what many fans dreamed of: he bought Commodore. Through the new Commodore International Corporation he acquired Commodore Corporation B.V. and its 47 original trademarks (the Amiga brand, however, was not included). The team also includes historic Commodore names such as Bil Herd, Al Charpentier, Michael Tomczyk and David Pleasance.<\/p>\r\n    <ul class=\"tl\" style=\"margin-top:22px\">\r\n      <li><b>1994<\/b><span>Commodore goes bankrupt and C64 production stops.<\/span><\/li>\r\n      <li><b>30 JUNE 2025<\/b><span>Christian Simpson announces the deal to buy Commodore.<\/span><\/li>\r\n      <li><b>JULY 2025<\/b><span>The Commodore 64 Ultimate is unveiled, the first Commodore computer in over 30 years.<\/span><\/li>\r\n      <li><b>2 AUGUST 2025<\/b><span>The acquisition is completed.<\/span><\/li>\r\n      <li><b>LATE 2025 \u00b7 2026<\/b><span>The first C64 Ultimate deliveries begin; the Cyberpunk 2077 themed Commodore 77 is expected in 2027.<\/span><\/li>\r\n    <\/ul>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n  <div class=\"quote\">\"As CEO, my mission is clear: ensure Commodore never falls again.\"<small>Christian Simpson (Peri Fractic), August 2025 \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@RetroRecipes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Retro Recipes channel<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/commodore.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">commodore.net<\/a><\/small><\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/section>\r\n\r\n<section><div class=\"wrap\">\r\n  <span class=\"kicker\">03 \u00b7 EVERY ROUTE<\/span>\r\n  <h2 class=\"h2\">How to use a <span>C64 today<\/span><\/h2>\r\n  <p class=\"lead\">There are four big families: the <b>original machine<\/b>, <b>software emulation<\/b> (a program pretending to be a C64), <b>new boards with real chips<\/b> and <b>FPGA<\/b>, a programmable chip that rebuilds the original circuits logic gate by logic gate. The most practical difference? Whether you can use period tapes, floppies, cartridges and joysticks.<\/p>\r\n  <div class=\"cards\">\r\n<article class=\"card k-orig\">\r\n  <header><canvas class=\"spr\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" data-spr=\"bread\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas>\r\n    <div><span class=\"tag\">ORIGINAL<\/span><h3>The original Commodore 64<\/h3><span class=\"yr\">1982 \u00b7 64C 1986<\/span><\/div><\/header>\r\n  <figure class=\"ph\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c64fam-breadbin.jpg\" width=\"960\" height=\"543\" alt=\"Original 1982 Commodore 64\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>The C64 \"breadbin\" (photo: Evan-Amos, public domain)<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>The 1982 \"breadbin\" and the sleeker 1986 64C. A MOS 6510 CPU at about 1 MHz, 64 KB of RAM, the VIC-II graphics chip and the SID sound chip: all original, with its strengths and its 40 years of age.<\/p>\r\n  <div class=\"pc\"><div><b class=\"g\">PROS<\/b><ul><li>It is the real thing: every game, demo and peripheral works<\/li><li>The sound of a real SID, with all its nuances<\/li><li>It can be repaired: parts are still available<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><b class=\"r\">CONS<\/b><ul><li>Capacitors, chips and connectors are 40 years old<\/li><li>The original power supply can damage the computer as it ages<\/li><li>No HDMI: you need a suitable TV or monitor, or an adapter<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\r\n  <p class=\"peri ok\">Original peripherals: YES<\/p>\r\n  <p class=\"lk\"><a href=\"\/en\/guasti-commodore-64\/\">C64 faults: guided diagnosis<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"\/en\/commodore64\/\">Our C64 page<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"card k-emu\">\r\n  <header><canvas class=\"spr\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" data-spr=\"pc\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas>\r\n    <div><span class=\"tag\">SOFTWARE EMULATION<\/span><h3>Software emulators<\/h3><span class=\"yr\">VICE and others<\/span><\/div><\/header>\r\n  <p>Free programs such as VICE recreate the C64 on your home computer, on your phone or even in the browser. It is the quickest way to try thousands of games without spending a penny.<\/p>\r\n  <div class=\"pc\"><div><b class=\"g\">PROS<\/b><ul><li>Free and always at hand<\/li><li>Instant save states, adjustable speed, debugging<\/li><li>Great for coding and developing new games<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><b class=\"r\">CONS<\/b><ul><li>A PC keyboard is not a C64 keyboard<\/li><li>No real tapes, floppies or cartridges<\/li><li>Some lag between joystick and screen, depending on the system<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\r\n  <p class=\"peri no\">Original peripherals: NO<\/p>\r\n  <p class=\"lk\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vice-emu.sourceforge.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VICE<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"card k-emu\">\r\n  <header><canvas class=\"spr\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" data-spr=\"mini\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas>\r\n    <div><span class=\"tag\">SOFTWARE EMULATION<\/span><h3>TheC64 Mini, TheC64, TheVIC20<\/h3><span class=\"yr\">2018 \u2192 2025<\/span><\/div><\/header>\r\n  <figure class=\"ph\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c64fam-thec64mini.jpg\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" alt=\"TheC64 Mini sitting on an original Commodore 64\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>TheC64 Mini on top of a real C64 (photo: JIP, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>The officially licensed re-releases by Retro Games: inside there is a small modern computer emulating the C64. They plug into HDMI, come with built-in games and load your own files from a USB stick. In 2025 the Mini Black Edition arrived too.<\/p>\r\n  <div class=\"pc\"><div><b class=\"g\">PROS<\/b><ul><li>Ready in a minute: HDMI, joystick and off you go<\/li><li>Affordable price and games included<\/li><li>The full-size TheC64 has a real keyboard<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><b class=\"r\">CONS<\/b><ul><li>It is emulation, not C64 hardware<\/li><li>No original ports: USB only<\/li><li>On the Mini the keyboard is just for show<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\r\n  <p class=\"peri no\">Original peripherals: NO<\/p>\r\n  <p class=\"lk\"><a href=\"\/en\/the-c64\/\">Our TheC64 review<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/retrogames.biz\/products\/thec64\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Retro Games<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"card k-board\">\r\n  <header><canvas class=\"spr\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" data-spr=\"pcb\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas>\r\n    <div><span class=\"tag\">BOARD + REAL CHIPS<\/span><h3>C64 Reloaded MK2<\/h3><span class=\"yr\">Individual Computers<\/span><\/div><\/header>\r\n  <p>A brand-new motherboard designed by Individual Computers that fits an original case. It contains no C64 chips: it has empty sockets for the original CPU, CIAs, VIC-II and SID. It recognises the chips fitted and sets voltages and clocks by itself.<\/p>\r\n  <div class=\"pc\"><div><b class=\"g\">PROS<\/b><ul><li>Original chips = total authenticity, sound included<\/li><li>A new, reliable board instead of a 40-year-old one<\/li><li>Optional second socket for another SID<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><b class=\"r\">CONS<\/b><ul><li>You have to find the original chips (and they cost money)<\/li><li>You need a case and some hands-on skill<\/li><li>The chips are still 40 years old<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\r\n  <p class=\"peri ok\">Original peripherals: YES<\/p>\r\n  <p class=\"lk\"><a href=\"https:\/\/shop.icomp.de\/en\/shop\/product\/c64-reloaded-mk2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Individual Computers<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"card k-fpga\">\r\n  <header><canvas class=\"spr\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" data-spr=\"fpga\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas>\r\n    <div><span class=\"tag\">FPGA<\/span><h3>Ultimate 64 Elite II<\/h3><span class=\"yr\">Gideon's Logic<\/span><\/div><\/header>\r\n  <p>A complete FPGA motherboard to fit inside your C64 case (even the one with the dead board). It has HDMI, networking, USB and all the original ports, plus the features of the famous 1541 Ultimate cartridge for loading games from USB. It is the heart the new C64 Ultimate is built on.<\/p>\r\n  <div class=\"pc\"><div><b class=\"g\">PROS<\/b><ul><li>Brings an original case with a dead board back to life<\/li><li>Clean HDMI and original ports together<\/li><li>Virtual disks and cartridges from a USB stick<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><b class=\"r\">CONS<\/b><ul><li>It is not the original chips, but a recreation of them<\/li><li>Often sold out: made in small batches<\/li><li>It has to be fitted into a case<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\r\n  <p class=\"peri ok\">Original peripherals: YES<\/p>\r\n  <p class=\"lk\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ultimate64.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ultimate64.com<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"card k-fpga\">\r\n  <header><canvas class=\"spr\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" data-spr=\"new\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas>\r\n    <div><span class=\"tag\">FPGA<\/span><h3>Commodore 64 Ultimate<\/h3><span class=\"yr\">2025 \u00b7 Commodore<\/span><\/div><\/header>\r\n  <p>The first Commodore-branded computer in more than 30 years. It is a complete, new C64 with Gideon Zweijtzer\u2019s FPGA heart rebuilding the 6510, VIC-II and SID circuit by circuit. Mechanical keyboard, HDMI, Wi-Fi, USB and every original port for tapes, floppies, cartridges and joysticks. Beige, transparent Starlight with LEDs and amber Founders editions, plus the Cyberpunk 2077 themed Commodore 77.<\/p>\r\n  <div class=\"pc\"><div><b class=\"g\">PROS<\/b><ul><li>New, under warranty, ready to use<\/li><li>Works with original peripherals<\/li><li>Two sockets for fitting real SIDs<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><b class=\"r\">CONS<\/b><ul><li>Costs more than a Mini (pre-orders from 299.99 dollars in 2025)<\/li><li>FPGA: very faithful, but not the original chip<\/li><li>The user port needs an adapter<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\r\n  <p class=\"peri ok\">Original peripherals: YES<\/p>\r\n  <p class=\"lk\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commodore.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">commodore.net<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"card k-fpga\">\r\n  <header><canvas class=\"spr\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" data-spr=\"chip\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas>\r\n    <div><span class=\"tag\">FPGA<\/span><h3>Other FPGA routes: MiSTer and MEGA65<\/h3><span class=\"yr\">multi-system<\/span><\/div><\/header>\r\n  <figure class=\"ph\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c64fam-mega65.jpg\" width=\"960\" height=\"540\" alt=\"MEGA65\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>The MEGA65 (photo: AnshulBirajdarPune, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>MiSTer is an FPGA platform that recreates dozens of computers and consoles, the C64 included. MEGA65 rebuilds in FPGA the Commodore 65, the C64 successor that never came out, and has a full C64 mode too.<\/p>\r\n  <div class=\"pc\"><div><b class=\"g\">PROS<\/b><ul><li>One machine for many systems<\/li><li>Open projects in constant development<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><b class=\"r\">CONS<\/b><ul><li>The C64 is one of many, not the star<\/li><li>Original peripherals need adapters or are not all supported<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\r\n  <p class=\"peri mid\">Original peripherals: PARTLY<\/p>\r\n  <p class=\"lk\"><a href=\"\/en\/mister-fpga\/\">MiSTer FPGA on RetroFixer<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/mega65.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MEGA65<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/article><\/div>\r\n  <div class=\"tw\"><table>\r\n    <thead><tr><th>MODEL<\/th><th>HOW IT WORKS<\/th><th>ORIGINAL PERIPHERALS<\/th><th>HDMI<\/th><th>SID<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n    <tbody><tr><th>Original C64<\/th><td>Original hardware<\/td><td class=\"ok\">Yes<\/td><td class=\"no\">No<\/td><td>Real<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>VICE<\/th><td>Software emulation<\/td><td class=\"no\">No<\/td><td class=\"ok\">Yes (from the PC)<\/td><td>Simulated<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>TheC64<\/th><td>Software emulation<\/td><td class=\"no\">No, USB only<\/td><td class=\"ok\">Yes<\/td><td>Simulated<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>C64 Reloaded MK2<\/th><td>New board + real chips<\/td><td class=\"ok\">Yes<\/td><td class=\"no\">No<\/td><td>Real<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Ultimate 64 Elite II<\/th><td>FPGA<\/td><td class=\"ok\">Yes<\/td><td class=\"ok\">Yes<\/td><td>FPGA<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>C64 Ultimate<\/th><td>FPGA, complete computer<\/td><td class=\"ok\">Yes<\/td><td class=\"ok\">Yes<\/td><td>FPGA or real (sockets)<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>MiSTer \/ MEGA65<\/th><td>FPGA<\/td><td class=\"mid\">Partly<\/td><td class=\"ok\">Yes<\/td><td>FPGA<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\r\n  <\/table><\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/section>\r\n\r\n<section><div class=\"wrap\">\r\n  <span class=\"kicker\">04 \u00b7 THE SID QUESTION<\/span>\r\n  <h2 class=\"h2\">Perfect? <span>Almost.<\/span><\/h2>\r\n  <p class=\"lead\">FPGA is the closest thing to the original that can be built today, but one component is still hard to copy: the SID.<\/p>\r\n  <div class=\"sidbox\">\r\n    <div><b>Half digital, half analogue<\/b>The SID\u2019s oscillators and envelopes are digital and can be reproduced identically in FPGA. The filter, however, is analogue: it has to be simulated with mathematical models, which get very close but are not the real circuit.<\/div>\r\n    <div><b>Every 6581 is different<\/b>The first SID, the 6581, has a filter that varies from chip to chip; the 64C\u2019s 8580 sounds cleaner. Many tunes were written listening to one specific chip, and some exploit SID tricks and quirks: that is where emulation can sound different.<\/div>\r\n    <div><b>The solution<\/b>For purists there are sockets for real SIDs on the Ultimate 64 and C64 Ultimate, and the original chips on the Reloaded. For an original C64 with a dead SID there are modern replacements such as ARMSID, FPGASID and SwinSID.<\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n  <p class=\"lead\" style=\"margin-top:20px\">The same goes for video: HDMI is razor sharp but it is not the signal of an old TV set, and with emulators the lag between joystick and screen depends on the TV and the system. These are not serious flaws: it is just good to know what you are buying.<\/p>\r\n<\/div><\/section>\r\n\r\n<section><div class=\"wrap\">\r\n  <span class=\"kicker\">05 \u00b7 THE TEST<\/span>\r\n  <h2 class=\"h2\">Which one <span>suits you?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n  <div class=\"quiz\" id=\"rcfQuiz\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/section>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"last\"><div class=\"wrap\">\r\n  <span class=\"kicker\">06 \u00b7 ON RETROFIXER<\/span>\r\n  <h2 class=\"h2\">Does your C64 <span>need help?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n  <p class=\"lead\">At RetroFixer we believe the best way to celebrate the C64 is to keep it running. Here are the tools to repair it and get to know it better.<\/p>\r\n  <div class=\"go\">\r\n    <a href=\"\/en\/guasti-commodore-64\/\"><b>C64 FAULTS<\/b><span>Guided diagnosis from the symptoms<\/span><\/a>\r\n    <a href=\"\/en\/commodore64\/\"><b>COMMODORE 64<\/b><span>History and features<\/span><\/a>\r\n    <a href=\"\/en\/eds-64\/\"><b>EDS 64<\/b><span>Our diagnostic tool<\/span><\/a>\r\n    <a href=\"\/en\/sprite-c64\/\"><b>SPRITE C64<\/b><span>Draw sprites like in the 80s<\/span><\/a>\r\n    <a href=\"\/en\/the-c64\/\"><b>THEC64<\/b><span>Our review<\/span><\/a>\r\n    <a href=\"\/en\/mister-fpga\/\"><b>MISTER FPGA<\/b><span>Many systems in one FPGA<\/span><\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n  <p class=\"src\">Sources: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Commodore_64\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.timeextension.com\/news\/2025\/08\/as-ceo-my-mission-is-clear-ensure-commodore-never-falls-again\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Time Extension<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tomshardware.com\/video-games\/retro-gaming\/the-commodore-64-ultimate-computer-is-the-companys-first-hardware-release-in-over-30-years-pre-orders-start-at-usd299\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tom's Hardware<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/commodore.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">commodore.net<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/ultimate64.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ultimate64.com<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/shop.icomp.de\/en\/shop\/product\/c64-reloaded-mk2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Individual Computers<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/retrogames.biz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Retro Games<\/a>. Photos from Wikimedia Commons, with author and licence in the captions.<\/p>\r\n<\/div><\/section>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n  var root=document.getElementById('rcf'); if(!root||root.getAttribute('data-on'))return; root.setAttribute('data-on','1');\r\n  var still=window.matchMedia&&matchMedia('(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)').matches;\r\n  var Q={\"q1\": \"Do you already have a Commodore 64 or its chips?\", \"a1\": [\"Yes, and it works\", \"Yes, but it is broken\", \"I only have the original chips\", \"No, nothing\"], \"q2\": \"Do you want to use original tapes, floppies, cartridges and joysticks?\", \"a2\": [\"Yes, definitely\", \"I do not care\"], \"q3\": \"How much do you want to spend?\", \"a3\": [\"As little as possible\", \"A middling amount\"], \"r\": {\"keep\": [\"Keep your C64!\", \"Nothing beats the real machine. Get it checked (power supply and capacitors first of all) and add a modern cartridge to load games from a card or USB stick.\", \"\/en\/guasti-commodore-64\/\", \"C64 faults\"], \"broken\": [\"Repair it, or go Ultimate 64\", \"Many faults can be fixed: try our guided diagnosis. If the board is really gone, an Ultimate 64 Elite II brings the original case back to life with HDMI and real ports.\", \"\/en\/guasti-commodore-64\/\", \"Guided diagnosis\"], \"chips\": [\"C64 Reloaded MK2\", \"You already have the most precious part: the chips. A Reloaded MK2 lets you use them on a new, reliable board, with the sound of the original SID.\", \"https:\/\/shop.icomp.de\/en\/shop\/product\/c64-reloaded-mk2.html\", \"Individual Computers\"], \"ult\": [\"Commodore 64 Ultimate\", \"You want a new C64 that works with the peripherals of the past: the C64 Ultimate is made for exactly that, and if one day you want a real SID there is a socket for it.\", \"https:\/\/commodore.net\/\", \"commodore.net\"], \"cheap\": [\"An emulator or TheC64 Mini\", \"To play and reminisce on a budget: VICE is free, TheC64 Mini plugs into the TV in a minute.\", \"\/en\/the-c64\/\", \"Our review\"], \"maxi\": [\"TheC64 (full size)\", \"A real keyboard, HDMI, built-in games and no odd cables: perfect for playing and having another go at BASIC.\", \"\/en\/the-c64\/\", \"Our review\"]}, \"again\": \"TAKE IT AGAIN\", \"go\": \"Find out more\"};\r\n  var LINES=[\"**** COMMODORE 64 BASIC V2 ****\", \"64K RAM SYSTEM  38911 BASIC BYTES FREE\", \"READY.\"];\r\n  var TXT={play:\"\u25b6 HEAR A TASTE OF SID\",stop:\"\u25a0 STOP\"};\r\n\r\n  \/* ---------- sprite delle schede ---------- *\/\r\n  var PAL={B:'#cfc6a8',b:'#9c927a',k:'#4a3a2a',K:'#2a2018',w:'#ffffff',r:'#f94144',o:'#f8961e',y:'#ffd23f',g:'#5ad15f',c:'#3fd8ff',v:'#7c70da',u:'#3e31a2',G:'#1f6b45',d:'#0d2a1c',s:'#c0c0c0',x:'#111111',m:'#e0398a',e:'#555555'};\r\n  var SPR={\r\n    bread:['....................','..BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB..','.BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.','.BkkkkkkkkkkkkBBkkB.','.BkKkKkKkKkKkkBBkkB.','.BkkkkkkkkkkkkBBkkB.','.BkKkKkKkKkKkkBBkkB.','.BkkkkkkkkkkkkBBkkB.','.BBBkkkkkkkkBBBBBBB.','BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB','bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb','....................','....................','....................'],\r\n    pc:['....................','..ssssssssssssssss..','..sxxxxxxxxxxxxxxs..','..sxvvvvvvvvvvvvxs..','..sxvuuuuuuuuuuvxs..','..sxvuwwwwwuuuuvxs..','..sxvuuuuuuuuuuvxs..','..sxvuwwwuuuuuuvxs..','..sxvvvvvvvvvvvvxs..','..sxxxxxxxxxxxxxxs..','..ssssssssssssssss..','.......ssssss.......','....ssssssssssss....','....................'],\r\n    mini:['....................','....................','....................','.....BBBBBBBBBB.....','....BBBBBBBBBBBB....','....BkKkKkKkBBkB....','....BKkKkKkKBBkB....','....BBkkkkkkBBBB....','...BBBBBBBBBBBBBB...','...bbbbbbbbbbbbbb...','..........xx........','..........xxxxx.....','.............xxx....','....................'],\r\n    pcb:['GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG','GdGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGdG','GGxxxxxxGGGGxxxxGGGG','GGxxxxxxGGGGxxxxGGGG','GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG','GGxxxxGGxxxxxxGGGGGG','GGxxxxGGxxxxxxGGyyGG','GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGyyGG','GGxxxxxxxxGGGxxxxGGG','GGxxxxxxxxGGGxxxxGGG','GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG','GsGsGsGsGsGsGsGsGsGG','GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG','dGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGd'],\r\n    fpga:['....s.s.s.s.s.s.....','...xxxxxxxxxxxxx....','..sxxxxxxxxxxxxxs...','...xxmmmmmmmmmxx....','..sxxmvvvvvvvmxxs...','...xxmvcvcvcvmxx....','..sxxmvvvvvvvmxxs...','...xxmvcvcvcvmxx....','..sxxmvvvvvvvmxxs...','...xxmmmmmmmmmxx....','..sxxxxxxxxxxxxxs...','...xxxxxxxxxxxxx....','....s.s.s.s.s.s.....','....................'],\r\n    new:['....................','..BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB..','.BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.','.BkkkkkkkkkkkkBBkkB.','.BkrkokykgkckvBBkkB.','.BkkkkkkkkkkkkBBkkB.','.BkvkckgkykokrBBkkB.','.BkkkkkkkkkkkkBBkkB.','.BBBkkkkkkkkBBBBBBB.','BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB','rroooyyyygggcccvvvmm','....................','....................','....................'],\r\n    chip:['....................','.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s....','xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx...','xeeeeeeeeeeeeeeex...','xemmmmmeggggggeex...','xemvvvmeggcccgeex...','xemmmmmeggggggeex...','xeeeeeeeeeeeeeeex...','xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx...','.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s....','....................','....................','....................','....................']\r\n  };\r\n  [].forEach.call(root.querySelectorAll('canvas.spr'),function(cv){\r\n    var d=SPR[cv.getAttribute('data-spr')];if(!d||!cv.getContext)return;var g=cv.getContext('2d');\r\n    for(var y=0;y<d.length;y++)for(var x=0;x<d[y].length;x++){var c=PAL[d[y][x]];if(c){g.fillStyle=c;g.fillRect(x,y,1,1);}}\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  \/* ---------- la cameretta ---------- *\/\r\n  var cv=document.getElementById('rcfHero');\r\n  if(cv&&cv.getContext){\r\n    var g=cv.getContext('2d'),W=192,H=120,t=0,timer=0,vis=true;\r\n    var R=function(x,y,w,h,c){g.fillStyle=c;g.fillRect(x|0,y|0,w|0,h|0);};\r\n    var rnd=function(s){var v=Math.sin(s*127.1)*43758.5453;return v-Math.floor(v);};\r\n    var BORDER=['#000000','#ffffff','#883932','#67b6bd','#8b3f96','#55a049','#40318d','#bfce72','#8b5429','#574200','#b86962','#505050','#787878','#94e089','#7869c4','#9f9f9f'];\r\n    function txt(x,y,n,c){for(var i=0;i<n;i++)R(x+i*2,y,1,2,c);}\r\n    function draw(){\r\n      R(0,0,W,H,'#1b1640');\r\n      for(var x=0;x<W;x+=12)R(x,0,1,84,'#201a4a');\r\n      \/* finestra *\/\r\n      R(10,10,44,34,'#5b4a2f');R(12,12,40,30,'#0b0a24');\r\n      for(var k=0;k<14;k++){if(((t\/7+k)|0)%11)R(13+rnd(k)*38,13+rnd(k+5)*27,1,1,'#cfcaff');}\r\n      R(42,15,6,6,'#f3eed2');R(45,15,3,4,'#0b0a24');R(31,12,2,30,'#5b4a2f');R(12,26,40,2,'#5b4a2f');\r\n      \/* poster *\/\r\n      R(150,10,32,40,'#2a2063');R(152,12,28,36,'#0f0c24');\r\n      var pc=['#f94144','#f8961e','#ffd23f','#5ad15f','#3fd8ff'];for(k=0;k<5;k++)R(156,30+k*2,20,1,pc[k]);\r\n      R(157,16,18,8,'#7c70da');R(159,18,14,4,'#0f0c24');R(156,42,20,1,'#aaa5d8');\r\n      \/* mensola con floppy *\/\r\n      R(112,36,30,2,'#6b4420');var fc=['#e0398a','#3fd8ff','#ffd23f','#5ad15f','#f8961e'];for(k=0;k<5;k++)R(114+k*5,26,4,10,fc[k]);\r\n      \/* pavimento e scrivania *\/\r\n      R(0,92,W,H-92,'#2b2156');for(x=0;x<W;x+=16)R(x,92,1,H-92,'#241b4a');\r\n      R(36,76,130,4,'#8a5a2b');R(36,80,130,2,'#6b4420');R(42,82,4,30,'#6b4420');R(156,82,4,30,'#6b4420');\r\n      \/* monitor *\/\r\n      R(70,34,60,40,'#cfc6a8');R(70,72,60,2,'#a89f86');R(92,74,16,2,'#a89f86');\r\n      var ph=Math.floor(t\/110)%3,lt=t%110,sx=74,sy=38,sw=52,sh=30;\r\n      if(ph===1){for(var yy=0;yy<sh;yy++)R(sx,sy+yy,sw,1,BORDER[(rnd(((t*3+yy)\/2)|0)*16)|0]);R(sx+5,sy+4,sw-10,sh-8,'#3e31a2');txt(sx+7,sy+6,9,'#7c70da');txt(sx+7,sy+10,13,'#7c70da');if((t>>2)&1)R(sx+7,sy+14,2,2,'#7c70da');}\r\n      else if(ph===2){R(sx,sy,sw,sh,'#000');for(k=0;k<16;k++)R(sx+((rnd(k)*sw+t*(0.5+rnd(k+3)))%sw),sy+rnd(k+9)*sh,1,1,'#fff');\r\n        for(k=0;k<5;k++){var ix=sx+6+k*9+Math.sin(t\/12)*3;R(ix,sy+4,5,3,k%2?'#5ad15f':'#3fd8ff');R(ix+1,sy+7,1,1,'#3fd8ff');R(ix+3,sy+7,1,1,'#3fd8ff');}\r\n        var px=sx+sw\/2+Math.sin(t\/9)*18;R(px-2,sy+sh-5,5,2,'#ffd23f');R(px,sy+sh-6,1,1,'#ffd23f');if(t%18<9)R(px,sy+sh-6-(t%18)*2,1,2,'#fff');}\r\n      else{R(sx,sy,sw,sh,'#7c70da');R(sx+3,sy+3,sw-6,sh-6,'#3e31a2');txt(sx+6,sy+5,20,'#7c70da');txt(sx+5,sy+9,21,'#7c70da');txt(sx+5,sy+14,6,'#7c70da');\r\n        var typed=Math.min(14,Math.max(0,((lt-20)\/4)|0));txt(sx+5,sy+18,typed,'#7c70da');if((t>>3)&1)R(sx+5+typed*2,sy+18,2,2,'#7c70da');}\r\n      \/* bagliore dello schermo *\/\r\n      g.globalAlpha=.10;R(60,30,80,52,ph===2?'#3fd8ff':'#7c70da');g.globalAlpha=1;\r\n      \/* C64 *\/\r\n      R(66,69,68,8,'#9c927a');R(68,67,64,3,'#b3a98f');R(72,70,48,5,'#4a3a2a');\r\n      for(k=0;k<12;k++){R(73+k*4,70,3,2,'#6b5a48');R(74+k*4,73,3,1,'#6b5a48');}\r\n      R(84,75,24,1,'#6b5a48');R(123,70,6,5,'#4a3a2a');R(130,68,1,1,'#f94144');\r\n      \/* joystick *\/\r\n      R(48,70,10,6,'#1a1a1a');R(52,64,2,7,'#111');R(51,62,4,3,'#222');R(49,70,2,1,'#f94144');\r\n      \/* ragazzo di spalle *\/\r\n      R(140,84,24,30,'#5a1f2a');R(142,64,20,22,'#2a6fb3');R(145,52,14,13,'#3a2414');R(146,51,12,3,'#2a1a0e');\r\n      R(138,70,6,12,'#2a6fb3');R(135,76,6,3,'#e8b48a');\r\n    }\r\n    function frame(){if(!vis||document.hidden){timer=0;return;}t++;draw();timer=setTimeout(frame,66);}\r\n    t=60;draw();\r\n    if(!still){\r\n      if('IntersectionObserver' in window)new IntersectionObserver(function(es){vis=es[0].isIntersecting;if(vis&&!timer)frame();}).observe(cv);\r\n      document.addEventListener('visibilitychange',function(){if(!document.hidden&&vis&&!timer)frame();});\r\n      frame();\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/* ---------- assaggio di SID (Web Audio) ---------- *\/\r\n  var btn=document.getElementById('rcfSid'),scope=document.getElementById('rcfScope'),ac=null,nodes=[],playing=false,stopT=0,an=null,raf=0;\r\n  function stopSid(){playing=false;clearTimeout(stopT);nodes.forEach(function(n){try{n.stop();}catch(e){}});nodes=[];btn.textContent=TXT.play;btn.setAttribute('aria-pressed','false');}\r\n  function f(n){return 440*Math.pow(2,(n-69)\/12);}\r\n  function pulse(c,duty){var n=64,re=new Float32Array(n),im=new Float32Array(n);for(var i=1;i<n;i++)im[i]=2\/(i*Math.PI)*Math.sin(i*Math.PI*duty);return c.createPeriodicWave(re,im);}\r\n  if(btn)btn.addEventListener('click',function(){\r\n    if(playing){stopSid();return;}\r\n    try{ac=ac||new (window.AudioContext||window.webkitAudioContext)();}catch(e){return;}\r\n    if(ac.state==='suspended')ac.resume();\r\n    playing=true;btn.textContent=TXT.stop;btn.setAttribute('aria-pressed','true');\r\n    var t0=ac.currentTime+0.05,st=60\/140\/2,master=ac.createGain();master.gain.value=0.16;\r\n    an=ac.createAnalyser();an.fftSize=256;master.connect(an);an.connect(ac.destination);\r\n    var flt=ac.createBiquadFilter();flt.type='lowpass';flt.Q.value=7;flt.connect(master);\r\n    var prog=[[45,[57,60,64]],[41,[57,60,65]],[48,[55,60,64]],[43,[55,59,62]]];\r\n    var mel=[76,null,74,72,74,null,76,79,77,null,76,74,72,null,74,76,74,null,72,71,72,null,74,76,79,null,77,76,74,null,null,null];\r\n    var pw=pulse(ac,.25),bars=4,end=t0+bars*8*st;\r\n    flt.frequency.setValueAtTime(300,t0);flt.frequency.linearRampToValueAtTime(2600,t0+bars*4*st);flt.frequency.linearRampToValueAtTime(400,end);\r\n    for(var b=0;b<bars;b++){var p=prog[b];\r\n      for(var s=0;s<8;s++){var o=ac.createOscillator(),gg=ac.createGain();o.type='sawtooth';o.frequency.value=f(p[0]+(s%2?12:0));\r\n        var ts=t0+(b*8+s)*st;gg.gain.setValueAtTime(0,ts);gg.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(.5,ts+.005);gg.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(.05,ts+st*.95);\r\n        o.connect(gg);gg.connect(flt);o.start(ts);o.stop(ts+st);nodes.push(o);}\r\n      var ao=ac.createOscillator(),ag=ac.createGain();ao.type='square';ag.gain.value=.12;ao.connect(ag);ag.connect(master);\r\n      var tb=t0+b*8*st;for(var a=0;a<8*st*50;a++)ao.frequency.setValueAtTime(f(p[1][a%3]+12),tb+a\/50);\r\n      ao.start(tb);ao.stop(tb+8*st);nodes.push(ao);}\r\n    for(var m=0;m<mel.length;m++){if(mel[m]===null)continue;var mo=ac.createOscillator(),mg=ac.createGain();mo.setPeriodicWave(pw);mo.frequency.value=f(mel[m]);\r\n      var tm=t0+m*st;mg.gain.setValueAtTime(0,tm);mg.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(.35,tm+.01);mg.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(.2,tm+st*.6);mg.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(0,tm+st*.98);\r\n      mo.connect(mg);mg.connect(master);mo.start(tm);mo.stop(tm+st);nodes.push(mo);}\r\n    stopT=setTimeout(stopSid,(end-ac.currentTime)*1000+200);\r\n    if(scope&&scope.getContext){var sg=scope.getContext('2d'),buf=new Uint8Array(an.fftSize);\r\n      (function tick(){sg.fillStyle='#000';sg.fillRect(0,0,110,22);if(!playing){return;}an.getByteTimeDomainData(buf);sg.fillStyle='#5ad15f';\r\n        for(var i=0;i<110;i++){var v=buf[(i*2)%buf.length];sg.fillRect(i,(v\/256*22)|0,1,1);}raf=requestAnimationFrame(tick);})();}\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  \/* ---------- quiz ---------- *\/\r\n  var box=document.getElementById('rcfQuiz'),ans={};\r\n  function esc(s){return String(s).replace(\/[&<>\"]\/g,function(c){return {'&':'&amp;','<':'&lt;','>':'&gt;','\"':'&quot;'}[c];});}\r\n  function ask(step,q,opts,next){\r\n    box.innerHTML='<div class=\"step\">? '+step+'\/3<\/div><div class=\"qq\">'+esc(q)+'<\/div><div class=\"opts\"><\/div>';\r\n    var o=box.querySelector('.opts');opts.forEach(function(t,i){var b=document.createElement('button');b.type='button';b.className='opt';b.textContent=t;b.addEventListener('click',function(){next(i);});o.appendChild(b);});\r\n  }\r\n  function show(k){\r\n    var r=Q.r[k],ext=!\/^\\\/\/.test(r[2]);\r\n    box.innerHTML='<div class=\"res\"><h3>&gt; '+esc(r[0])+'<\/h3><p>'+esc(r[1])+'<\/p><p><a href=\"'+esc(r[2])+'\"'+(ext?' target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"':'')+'>'+esc(Q.go)+': '+esc(r[3])+' \u25b6<\/a><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"opt\">'+esc(Q.again)+'<\/button><\/div>';\r\n    box.querySelector('button').addEventListener('click',start);\r\n  }\r\n  function start(){\r\n    ask(1,Q.q1,Q.a1,function(a){\r\n      if(a===0)return show('keep');if(a===1)return show('broken');if(a===2)return show('chips');\r\n      ask(2,Q.q2,Q.a2,function(b){\r\n        if(b===0)return show('ult');\r\n        ask(3,Q.q3,Q.a3,function(c){show(c===0?'cheap':'maxi');});\r\n      });\r\n    });\r\n  }\r\n  if(box)start();\r\n})();\r\n<\\\/script><\/script>\r\n<script>(function(){if(!window.RF_EN)return;var s=document.currentScript,src=s.previousElementSibling,it=src.previousElementSibling;var box=document.createElement('div');box.setAttribute('data-no-translation','');box.innerHTML=src.textContent.replace(\/<\\\\(\\\/script|!--)\/gi,'<$1');it.parentNode.replaceChild(box,it);[].forEach.call(box.querySelectorAll('script'),function(o){var n=document.createElement('script');[].forEach.call(o.attributes,function(a){n.setAttribute(a.name,a.value)});n.textContent=o.textContent;o.parentNode.replaceChild(n,o)});})();<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tutte le strade per usare un Commodore 64 oggi: il C64 originale, emulatori, TheC64, C64 Reloaded, Ultimate 64 e il nuovo Commodore 64 Ultimate della Commodore rinata con Retro Recipes.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11322,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,19,8],"tags":[6,9],"class_list":["post-11323","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commodore","category-computer","category-emulatori","tag-c64","tag-the-c64"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11323","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11323"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11323\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11332,"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11323\/revisions\/11332"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11322"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11323"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11323"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11323"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}