{"id":9304,"date":"2024-09-03T12:13:11","date_gmt":"2024-09-03T10:13:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/?p=9304"},"modified":"2024-09-03T12:15:52","modified_gmt":"2024-09-03T10:15:52","slug":"reset-per-commodore-64","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/reset-per-commodore-64\/","title":{"rendered":"Reset per Commodore 64"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Come non ricordare il mitico C64 con i suoi innumerevoli giochi che al tempo allietavano le nostre giornate. Se vi ricordate, per poter caricare un nuovo gioco occorreva per forza spegnere e riaccendere il computer, non c’era nessun tasto per poter ripartire senza spegnere la macchina.<\/p>

In questo articolo vediamo tre soluzioni per aggiungere un tasto di reset al C64.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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USER PORT<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVediamo come poter inserire un tasto di reset nella porta utente del nostro computer.\n\nQuesta \u00e8 la soluzioni pi\u00f9 usata se si vuole inserire un tasto interno al computer, ma attenzione! occorre poi bucare il case, questo lo sconsiglio, per preservare la macchina sarebbe meglio usare un connettore esterno come vedremo tra poco.\n\nLa porta utente del Commodore 64 vista da dietro, \u00e8 quella tutto a destra e viene utilizzata per collegare periferiche particolari come modem o comunicazioni I\/O, di solito non \u00e8 molto usata. Vista sempre da dietro vediamo il suo pinout, il primo pin \u00e8 quello in alto a sinistra, la fila sotto \u00e8 nominata con le lettere.\n\nQuesto \u00e8 il suo pinout e come si vede il segnale di reset \u00e8 al pin 3\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Pin<\/span><\/th>\nName<\/a><\/th>\nDescription<\/a><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\nGND<\/td>\nground<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\n+ 5V<\/td>\n+5 VDC (100 mA max)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\n\/RESET<\/td>\nReset, will force a cold start. Also a reset output for devices.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nCNT1<\/td>\nCounter 1, from CIA #1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\nSP1<\/td>\nSerial Port 1, from CIA #1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\nCNT2<\/td>\nCounter 2, from CIA #2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nSP2<\/td>\nSerial port 2, from CIA #2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\n\/PC2<\/td>\nHandshaking line, from CIA #2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\nAT extension<\/td>\nSerial attention in<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\n9VAC<\/td>\n9 VAC (+ phase) (100 mA max)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\n9VAC<\/td>\n9 VAC (- phase) (100 mA max)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\nGND<\/td>\nground<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TO<\/td>\nGND<\/td>\nground<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
b<\/td>\n\/FLAG2<\/td>\nFlags 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
c<\/td>\nPB0<\/td>\nDate 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D.<\/td>\nPB1<\/td>\nDate 1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
And<\/td>\nPB2<\/td>\nDate 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F.<\/td>\nPB3<\/td>\nDate 3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H.<\/td>\nPB4<\/td>\nDate 4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
j<\/td>\nPB5<\/td>\nDate 5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
k<\/td>\nPB6<\/td>\nDate 6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L<\/td>\nPB7<\/td>\nDate 7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
m<\/td>\nPA2<\/td>\nPA2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
No<\/td>\nGND<\/td>\nground<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Per il collegamento esterno occorre utilizzare un connettore EDGE a 24 pin (12+12) con un passo da 3,96mm<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ora non resta che collegare un pulsante tra il pin N.1 (GND) e il pin N.3 (RESET)
Come detto \u00e8 possibile farlo internamente al computer ma per installare il pulsante o si buca il case o si trova un metodo innovativo magari con l’aiuto della stampante 3D.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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SERIAL PORT<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Un altro metodo per poter resettare il C64 \u00e8 attraverso la porta IEC usata dal drive o stampante.
Se colleghiamo un drive 1541 o una stampante, questa avr\u00e0 un secondo connettore DIN per poter collegare altre periferiche a cascata ed \u00e8 possibile inserire il reset anche in queste porte.
Se si usa una periferica seriale che non ha un tasto reset o connessione passante, non possiamo utilizzare questa soluzione.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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il pinout della porta seriale \u00e8 il seguente.<\/p>
Pin<\/a><\/th>Description<\/a><\/th>Signal direction<\/a><\/th>Remark<\/a><\/th><\/tr>
1<\/td>SERIAL SRQ<\/td>IN<\/td>Serial Service Request In, at the\u00a0C128<\/a>\u00a0“Fast Serial Clock”<\/td><\/tr>
2<\/td>GND<\/td>–<\/td>Ground, signal ground (0V)<\/td><\/tr>
3<\/td>SERIAL ATN<\/td>OUT<\/td>Attention, for the selection of a device at beginning\/end of a transmission<\/td><\/tr>
4<\/td>SERIAL CLK<\/td>IN\/OUT<\/td>Clock (for data transmission)<\/td><\/tr>
5<\/td>SERIAL DATA<\/td>IN\/OUT<\/td>Date<\/td><\/tr>
6<\/td>SERIAL RESET<\/td>OUT(\/IN)<\/td>Reset, in older\u00a0VIC-20<\/a>\u00a0unused<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Possiamo trovare il segnale di reset al pin 6 (centrale) ed il GND al pin 2 (in basso a destra)<\/p>

A questo punto possiamo usare il connettore DIN a 6 poli direttamente come involucro per posizionare il pulsante. Ho notato che alcuni inseriscono una resistenza per portare il segnale di reset a massa, senza dargli una connessione netta. Ho provato con una resistenza da 180 Ohm e non ci sono problemi. Quindi, se non vi sentite sicuri o avete paura che qualche segnale vada involontariamente a toccare qualche pin, potete inserire in serie al pulsante una resistenza per limitare la corrente.<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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EXPANSION PORT<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Eccoci arrivati all’ultima soluzione tramite la porta espansione, quella usata per le cartucce, per intenderci.
Anche su questi numerosi pin troviamo il segnale di reset e spesso le cartucce diagnostiche, le sprotettrici o fastloader hanno un tasto per il reset della macchina.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDi seguito il pinout della porta espansione.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Pin<\/a><\/th>\nsignal<\/a><\/th>\nDirection (From C64)<\/a><\/th>\nMeaning<\/a><\/th>\nRemark<\/a><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\nGND<\/td>\nPWR extension<\/td>\nground<\/td>\nPotential is 0V on ground, signal levels are measured relative this, can also be called “common ground”.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\n+5V DC<\/td>\nPWR extension<\/td>\n\n

Supply voltage +5V DC<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

The maximum load for extensions is 450mA.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

3<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\n_IRQ<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nInterruptRequest<\/td>\nsee\u00a0IRQ<\/a>\u00a0. As an output, reflects the status of the IRQ line<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\nR\/_W<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nRead or _Write signal<\/td>\nHigh-level during read cycle, Low-level during write cycle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\nDOT Clk<\/td>\nOut<\/td>\nDot clock frequency<\/td>\n7.881984 MHz for\u00a0PAL<\/a>-systems\u00a0; 8.181816 MHz for\u00a0NTSC<\/a>-systems<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\n_IO1<\/td>\nOut<\/td>\nInput\/Output area 1 indicator<\/td>\nSignal is low if address bus is within $DE00-$DEFF.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\n_GAME<\/td>\nIn<\/td>\nGame configuration<\/td>\nUsed for memory re-configuration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\n_EXROM<\/td>\nIn<\/td>\nExternal\u00a0ROM<\/a><\/td>\nSimilar to _GAME. During low the internal\u00a0RAM<\/a>\u00a0in the range of $8000-$9FFF will be switched off and _ROML will be set low, if one of these addresses occur.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\n_IO2<\/td>\nOut<\/td>\nInput\/Output area 2 indicators<\/td>\nSignal is low if address bus is within $DF00-$DFFF.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\n_ROML<\/td>\nOut<\/td>\nROM Low<\/td>\nLow signal if the address range is $8000-$9FFF is switched off with _EXROM and one of these addresses occur on the bus.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\nB.A<\/td>\nOut<\/td>\nBus Available<\/td>\nSignal from the\u00a0video controller<\/a>, which indicates if the bus is available during high phase of PHI2. BA=0 means\u00a0VIC<\/a>\u00a0needs the bus during both phases of PHI2 and no other unit can use it.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\n_DMA<\/td>\nIn<\/td>\nDirect Memory Access<\/td>\nif _DMA=Low the\u00a0CPU<\/a>\u00a0can be requested to release the bus. It will stop after the next read cycle and all bus lines will go to high resistance state. So other units can use the computer hardware. At _DMA=High the\u00a0CPU<\/a>\u00a0continues to work.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\nQ7<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nData lines 7<\/td>\nBit 7 of data bus, value=128<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\nQ6<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nData lines 6<\/td>\nBit 6 of data bus, value=64<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\nQ5<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nData lines 5<\/td>\nBit 5 of data bus, value=32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\nQ4<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nDatalines 4<\/td>\nBit 4 of data bus, value=16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\nQ3<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nData lines 3<\/td>\nBit 3 of data bus, value=8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\nQ2<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nData lines 2<\/td>\nBit 2 of data bus, value=4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\nQ1<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nData line 1<\/td>\nBit 1 of data bus, value=2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\nD0<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nDataline 0<\/td>\nBit 0 of data bus, value=1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\nGND<\/td>\nPWR extension<\/td>\n\n

ground<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

(See above)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
b<\/td>\n_ROMH<\/td>\nOut<\/td>\nROM High<\/td>\nDepending on the status of _GAME and _EXROM this line gets low during access to the address space between $A000-$BFFF respectively $E000-$FFFF. Condition: the internal ram area is faded out.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
c<\/td>\n_RESET<\/td>\nIn<\/td>\nReset<\/td>\nIf this line is pulled to low, all chips will be re-initialized. The\u00a0program counter<\/a>\u00a0of the\u00a0CPU<\/a>\u00a0will be loaded with the\u00a0reset<\/a>\u00a0vector $FFFC and $FFFD (normally $FCE2).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D.<\/td>\n_NMI<\/td>\nIn<\/td>\nNon-maskable interrupts<\/td>\nsee\u00a0NMI<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
And<\/td>\nPHI2<\/td>\nOut<\/td>\nPhase 2 clock<\/td>\nSystem clock (0.98524861 MHz for PAL, 1.02272714 MHz for NTSC)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F.<\/td>\nA15<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nAddress line 15<\/td>\nBit 15 of address bus value=32768<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H.<\/td>\nA14<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nAddress line 14<\/td>\nBit 14 of address bus value=16384<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
j<\/td>\nA13<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nAddress line 13<\/td>\nBit 13 of address bus value=8192<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
k<\/td>\nA12<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nAddress line 12<\/td>\nBit 12 of address bus value=4096<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L<\/td>\nA11<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nAddress line 11<\/td>\nBit 11 of address bus value=2048<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
m<\/td>\nA10<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nAddress line 10<\/td>\nBit 10 of address bus value=1024<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
No<\/td>\nA9<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nAddress line 9<\/td>\nBit 9 of address bus value=512<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P.<\/td>\nA8<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nAddress line 8<\/td>\nBit 8 of address bus value=256<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R<\/td>\nA7<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nAddress line 7<\/td>\nBit 7 of address bus value=128<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S.<\/td>\nA6<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nAddress line 6<\/td>\nBit 6 of address bus value=64<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T<\/td>\nA5<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nAddress line 5<\/td>\nBit 5 of address bus value=32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
u<\/td>\nA4<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nAddress line 4<\/td>\nBit 4 of address bus value=16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
v<\/td>\nA3<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nAddress line 3<\/td>\nBit 3 of address bus value=8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
w<\/td>\nA2<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nAddress line 2<\/td>\nBit 2 of address bus value=4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
x<\/td>\nA1<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nAddress line 1<\/td>\nBit 1 of address bus value=2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Y<\/td>\nA0<\/td>\nIn\/Out<\/td>\nAddress line 0<\/td>\nBit 0 of address bus value=1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Z<\/td>\nGND<\/td>\nPWR extension<\/td>\nground<\/td>\n(See above)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Con il connettore visto da dietro, possiamo individuare il pin C (RESET) e A (GND) come il primo e il terzo della fila in basso a destra.
Collegando un pulsante tra questi due pin otteniamo il solito reset del computer.<\/p>

Purtroppo questo connettore \u00e8 femmina e occorre fare un PCB per poterci connettere senza problemi, in questo caso o lo realizziamo noi alla vecchia maniera (penna o stampa fotoincisione e corrosione) oppure ne prendiamo uno gi\u00e0 fatto o lo facciamo realizzare ai nostri fidati produttori di PCB. Volendo \u00e8 possibile usare un PCB usato nelle cartucce tipo magic desk o altre simili che hanno il tasto reset, baster\u00e0 saldarci solo il tasto senza componenti ed il gioco \u00e8 fatto.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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*Immagini e tabelle prese da<\/span> Wikipedia<\/a><\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Come poter resettare il C64, vediamo 3 soluzioni.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9331,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,19,352],"tags":[145],"class_list":["post-9304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commodore","category-computer","category-periferiche","tag-commodore-64"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9304","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9304"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9304\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9330,"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9304\/revisions\/9330"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9331"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9304"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9304"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/retrofixer.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9304"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}